安装python为什么是modify_为什么easy_install正确修改了Python模块加载路径而pip和.tar.gz源代码没有？(Why does easy

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_32515445/article/details/112896912

I am using an Apple factory-installed distribution of Python 2.7.5 on a Mac laptop running OS X 10.9.4.

This particular distribution comes with "factory-loaded" versions of several popular Python add-on packages, such as numpy, many of which live in the directory /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python.

I find that I'm able to update the version numbers of these pre-loaded packages, but only if I use the Apple factory-installed update utility, /usr/bin/easy_install. If I instead attempt to update using either pip, or directly from .tar.gz source using python setup.py install, then the installation fails in a very particular way, which I'll describe in detail below. I'd like to fix this problem, so that I'm able to update Python packages using whatever method I like.

First, a description of what I believe to be the "correct" behavior: when I update numpy using easy_install, it creates a new subdirectory, numpy-1.9.0-py2.7-macosx-10.9-intel.egg, under /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages, e.g.:

$> ls -l /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages | grep numpy

drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 136 Sep 11 10:21 numpy-1.9.0-py2.7-macosx-10.9-intel.egg

and then the easy_install utility also modifies the Python module load path so that the "new" numpy installation will take precedence over the factory default version; e.g., within python, it looks like this:

In [1]: from pprint import pprint

In [2]: import sys

In [3]: pprint(sys.path)

['',

'/usr/local/bin',

'/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/PyVCF-0.6.7-py2.7-macosx-10.9-intel.egg',

'/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/distribute-0.7.3-py2.7.egg',

'/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/setuptools-3.3-py2.7.egg',

'/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/PyYAML-3.11-py2.7-macosx-10.9-intel.egg',

'/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/wheel-0.24.0-py2.7.egg',

'/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.5.6-py2.7.egg',

'/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/numpy-1.9.0-py2.7-macosx-10.9-intel.egg',

'/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python27.zip',

'/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7',

'/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-darwin',

'/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac',

'/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages',

'/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python',

'/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-tk',

'/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-old',

'/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload',

'/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/PyObjC',

'/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages',

'/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/IPython/extensions',

'/Users/stachyra/.ipython']

In [4]: import numpy

In [5]: numpy.__file__

Out[5]: '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/numpy-1.9.0-py2.7-macosx-10.9-intel.egg/numpy/__init__.pyc'

In [6]: numpy.__version__

Out[6]: '1.9.0'

If I uninstall numpy, for example using sudo pip uninstall numpy (I couldn't actually figure out how to do an uninstall with easy_install), it results in numpy being deleted from /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages, while the factory-installed "default" version in /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python still remains.

To observe the "incorrect" installation behavior, I can re-upgrade the factory-loaded version of numpy, this time using sudo pip install -U numpy. This leads to a new pair of directories being created in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages, e.g.:

$> ls -l /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages | grep numpy

drwxr-xr-x 35 root wheel 1190 Sep 11 10:24 numpy

drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 272 Sep 11 10:24 numpy-1.9.0.dist-info

However, when I look at the load path in python, and then load numpy and look at the version number and file for numpy, I get the following result: