python category字符串拼接_如何理解Python的字符串？

2 字符串的使用

2.1 使用规则

– Python申明字符串可使用单引号，例如(‘…’)

– Python申明字符串可使用双引号，例如(“…”)

– Python使用“\”作为转义字符

– 使用单引号如果使用单引号，需要使用转义字符，使用双引号可省略

– 使用双引号如果使用双引号，需要使用转义字符，使用单引号可省略

2.2 实操理解

# python

Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 4 2017, 00:39:18)

[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> 'spam eggs'

'spam eggs'

>>> "sapm eggs"

'sapm eggs'

>>> 'doesn\'t'

"doesn't"

>>> '"Yes," he said.'

'"Yes," he said.'

>>> "doesn't"

"doesn't"

>>> "\"yes,\" he said."

'"yes," he said.'

>>>

3 禁用字符串输出的转义

3.1 使用规则

– print函数可在第一个引号前加“r”来禁用转义

3.2 实操理解

# python

Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 4 2017, 00:39:18)

[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> print 'C:\some\name'

C:\some

ame

>>> print r'C:\some\name'

C:\some\name

>>>

4 多行输出和逻辑行

4.1 使用规则

– Python的多行输出可使用三重引号实现，如”””…”””或”’…”’

– Python的逻辑行也可使用“\”符号实现

4.2 实操理解

# python

Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 4 2017, 00:39:18)

[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> print """Hello,

... World!"""

Hello,

World!

>>> print "Hello, \

... World!"

Hello, World!

>>>

5 重复输出与字符串连接

5.1 使用规则

– Python使用“*”操作符加数字可实现字符串重复输出

– Python使用“+”操作符实现字符串的连接

– 相邻的量子字符串会自动连接

5.2 实操理解

# python

Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 4 2017, 00:39:18)

[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> # 3 times 'un', followed by 'ium'

... 3 * 'un' + 'ium'

'unununium'

>>> 'un' * 3 + 'ium'

'unununium'

>>> 'Py' 'thon'

'Python'

>>> text = ('Put serveral strings within parentheses'

... 'to have then joined together.')

>>> text

'Put serveral strings within parenthesesto have then joined together.'

带变量的连接错误的示范：

# python

Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 4 2017, 00:39:18)

[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> prefix = 'Py'

>>> prefix 'thon' # can't concatenate a variable and a string literal

File "", line 1

prefix 'thon' # can't concatenate a variable and a string literal

^

SyntaxError: invalid syntax

>>> ('un'*3) 'ium'

File "", line 1

('un'*3) 'ium'

^

SyntaxError: invalid syntax

>>>

带变量的连接正确的示范：

# python

Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 4 2017, 00:39:18)

[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> prefix = 'Py'

>>> prefix + 'thon'

'Python'

6 索引的使用

6.1 使用规则

– Python字符串实质是存储到字符串中

– Python字符串的字符可使用下标索引访问

– Python字符串的下标支持反向访问(负数表示)

– 负索引的“-0”等于“0”，所以索引是从“-1”开始

6.2 实操理解

# python

Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 4 2017, 00:39:18)

[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> word = 'Python'

>>> word[0]

'P'

>>> word[1]

'y'

>>> word[2]

't'

>>> word[3]

'h'

>>> word[4]

'o'

>>> word[5]

'n'

>>> word[-1]

'n'

>>> word[-2]

'o'

>>> word[-3]

'h'

>>> word[-4]

't'

>>> word[-5]

'y'

>>> word[-6]

'P'

>>>

7 索引切片

7.1 Python的原文解析

– Python可以使用“:”操作符前后加索引数字指定索引的区间(i:i)，进行字符串的截取

– “:i”操作符右边带索引数字，左边为空，表示索引开始到索引i的区间

– “i:”操作符左边带索引数字示，左边为空，表示索引i的区间到索引末尾的区间

– 索引“i”的值可以为负值

7.2 实操理解

# python

Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 4 2017, 00:39:18)

[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> word = "Python"

>>> word[0:2]

'Py'

>>> word[2:6]

'thon'

>>> word[:2]

'Py'

>>> word[2:]

'thon'

>>> word[:2] + word[2:]

'Python'

>>> word[:-2]

'Pyth'

>>> word[-2:]

'on'

>>> word[:-2] + word[-2:]

'Python'

8 索引视图

8.1 索引视图的模型

+---+---+---+---+---+---+

| P | y | t | h | o | n |

+---+---+---+---+---+---+

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

8.2 模型的规则

– 第一行使用数字0到6标记出索引的位置

– 第二行使用数字相应的负数标记出索引的位置

– 假设切片的起点为i与终点为j，那么i与j所代表的索引数字标识出的区间就是切片后的字符串

– 切片长度是i与j的差(非负索引，且i与j都在边界内)

– 使用超出范围的索引会导致报错

– 使用超出范围的切片索引会被自动纠正(优雅地自动纠正)

8.3 实操理解

# python

Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 4 2017, 00:39:18)

[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> word = "Python"

>>> word[42]

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

IndexError: string index out of range

>>> word[4:42]

'on'

>>> word[42:]

''

9 错误的字符串赋值与引用

9.1 使用规则

– Python字符串可以整串赋值

– Python字符串赋值后，每个索引代表的单独字符变量不能再次单独赋值

– Python被赋值的字符串可以用于创建新的字符串

9.2 实操理解

# python

Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 4 2017, 00:39:18)

[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> word = "Python"

>>> word[0]

'P'

>>> word[0]='J'

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment

>>> word[:2]

'Py'

>>> word[:2] = 'py'

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment

>>> 'J' + word[1:]

'Jython'

>>>

10 内置函数的使用

10.1 使用规则

– 可使用内置函数“len()”返回字符串的长度

10.2 实操理解

# python

Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 4 2017, 00:39:18)

[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> s='supercalifragilisticexpialidocious'

>>> len(s)

34

>>>

参阅文档：

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https://docs.python.org/2.7/tutorial/index.html

https://docs.python.org/2.7/