今天在csxx上发现这篇文章，讲解的真的是很详细，刚好最近在使用springmvc+shiro，慢慢看。在项目中xml文件的配置是必不可少的，特别是SpringMVC框架。但是几乎所有项目的配置都是大同小异，很多人都是直接复制黏贴了事，不少人对其具体含义及用途都不甚全知。本片文章将正对项目中常用的框架SpringMVC+Shiro进行整合，并对其中关键和部分常识性问题进行注释讲解，方便在以后的项目编写中查阅和熟悉。
1、web.xml文件的配置
所有javaweb项目第一步要做的就是对web.xml文件进行配置。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
contextConfigLocation
classpath*:/spring-context*.xml
org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
SpringEncodingFilter
org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
encoding
UTF-8
forceEncoding
true
SpringEncodingFilter
/*
shiroFilter
org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy
targetFilterLifecycle
true
shiroFilter
/*
SpringMVC
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
contextConfigLocation
classpath*:/spring-mvc*.xml
SpringMVC
/
405
/WEB-INF/405.html
404
/WEB-INF/404.jsp
500
/WEB-INF/500.jsp
java.lang.Throwable
/WEB-INF/500.jsp
2、spring-mvc.xml文件的配置
这个文件主要是对springmvc的相关配置。<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd">
WEB-INF/error_fileupload
WEB-INF/500
3、spring-context-shiro.xml文件配置
这个文件是对shiro权限框架的配置。<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd"
default-lazy-init="true">
/mydemo/login=anon
/mydemo/getVerifyCodeImage=anon
/main**=authc
/user/info**=authc
/admin/listUser**=authc,perms[admin:manage]
4、MyRealm.java------自定义的Realm类package com.papio.realm;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ReflectionToStringBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringStyle;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.SimpleAuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.SimpleAuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
/**
* 自定义的指定Shiro验证用户登录的类
* @see 在本例中定义了2个用户:papio和big,papio具有admin角色和admin:manage权限,big不具有任何角色和权限
* @create
* @author
*/ public class MyRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
/**
* 为当前登录的Subject授予角色和权限
* @see 经测试:本例中该方法的调用时机为需授权资源被访问时
* @see 经测试:并且每次访问需授权资源时都会执行该方法中的逻辑,这表明本例中默认并未启用AuthorizationCache
* @see 个人感觉若使用了Spring3.1开始提供的ConcurrentMapCache支持,则可灵活决定是否启用AuthorizationCache
* @see 比如说这里从数据库获取权限信息时,先去访问Spring3.1提供的缓存,而不使用Shior提供的AuthorizationCache
*/
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals){
//获取当前登录的用户名,等价于(String)principals.fromRealm(this.getName()).iterator().next()
String currentUsername = (String)super.getAvailablePrincipal(principals);
// List roleList = new ArrayList(); // List permissionList = new ArrayList(); // //从数据库中获取当前登录用户的详细信息 // User user = userService.getByUsername(currentUsername); // if(null != user){ // //实体类User中包含有用户角色的实体类信息 // if(null!=user.getRoles() && user.getRoles().size()>0){ // //获取当前登录用户的角色 // for(Role role : user.getRoles()){ // roleList.add(role.getName()); // //实体类Role中包含有角色权限的实体类信息 // if(null!=role.getPermissions() && role.getPermissions().size()>0){ // //获取权限 // for(Permission pmss : role.getPermissions()){ // if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(pmss.getPermission())){ // permissionList.add(pmss.getPermission()); // } // } // } // } // } // }else{ // throw new AuthorizationException(); // } // //为当前用户设置角色和权限 // SimpleAuthorizationInfo simpleAuthorInfo = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo(); // simpleAuthorInfo.addRoles(roleList); // simpleAuthorInfo.addStringPermissions(permissionList);
SimpleAuthorizationInfo simpleAuthorInfo = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
//实际中可能会像上面注释的那样从数据库取得
if(null!=currentUsername && "papio".equals(currentUsername)){
//添加一个角色,不是配置意义上的添加,而是证明该用户拥有admin角色
simpleAuthorInfo.addRole("admin");
//添加权限
simpleAuthorInfo.addStringPermission("admin:manage");
System.out.println("已为用户[papio]赋予了[admin]角色和[admin:manage]权限");
return simpleAuthorInfo;
}else if(null!=currentUsername && "big".equals(currentUsername)){
System.out.println("当前用户[big]无授权");
return simpleAuthorInfo;
}
//若该方法什么都不做直接返回null的话,就会导致任何用户访问/admin/listUser.jsp时都会自动跳转到unauthorizedUrl指定的地址
//详见applicationContext.xml中的的配置
return null;
}
/**
* 验证当前登录的Subject
* @see 经测试:本例中该方法的调用时机为LoginController.login()方法中执行Subject.login()时
*/
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authcToken) throws AuthenticationException {
//获取基于用户名和密码的令牌
//实际上这个authcToken是从LoginController里面currentUser.login(token)传过来的
//两个token的引用都是一样的,本例中是org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken@33799a1e
UsernamePasswordToken token = (UsernamePasswordToken)authcToken;
System.out.println("验证当前Subject时获取到token为" + ReflectionToStringBuilder.toString(token, ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE));
// User user = userService.getByUsername(token.getUsername()); // if(null != user){ // AuthenticationInfo authcInfo = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(), user.getNickname()); // this.setSession("currentUser", user); // return authcInfo; // }else{ // return null; // }
//此处无需比对,比对的逻辑Shiro会做,我们只需返回一个和令牌相关的正确的验证信息
//说白了就是第一个参数填登录用户名,第二个参数填合法的登录密码(可以是从数据库中取到的,本例中为了演示就硬编码了)
//这样一来,在随后的登录页面上就只有这里指定的用户和密码才能通过验证
if("papio".equals(token.getUsername())){
AuthenticationInfo authcInfo = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("papio", "papio", this.getName());
this.setSession("currentUser", "papio");
return authcInfo;
}else if("big".equals(token.getUsername())){
AuthenticationInfo authcInfo = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("big", "big", this.getName());
this.setSession("currentUser", "big");
return authcInfo;
}
//没有返回登录用户名对应的SimpleAuthenticationInfo对象时,就会在LoginController中抛出UnknownAccountException异常
return null;
}
/**
* 将一些数据放到ShiroSession中,以便于其它地方使用
* @see 比如Controller,使用时直接用HttpSession.getAttribute(key)就可以取到
*/
private void setSession(Object key, Object value){
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
if(null != currentUser){
Session session = currentUser.getSession();
System.out.println("Session默认超时时间为[" + session.getTimeout() + "]毫秒");
if(null != session){
session.setAttribute(key, value);
}
}
}
}
5、LoginController.java------处理用户登录package com.papio.controller;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.p_w_picpath.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.p_w_picpathio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ReflectionToStringBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringStyle;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.ExcessiveAttemptsException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.IncorrectCredentialsException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.LockedAccountException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UnknownAccountException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.web.util.WebUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
/**
* 本例中用到的jar文件如下
* @see aopalliance.jar
* @see commons-lang3-3.1.jar
* @see commons-logging-1.1.2.jar
* @see log4j-1.2.17.jar
* @see shiro-all-1.2.2.jar
* @see slf4j-api-1.7.5.jar
* @see slf4j-log4j12-1.7.5.jar
* @see spring-aop-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar
* @see spring-beans-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar
* @see spring-context-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar
* @see spring-core-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar
* @see spring-expression-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar
* @see spring-jdbc-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar
* @see spring-oxm-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar
* @see spring-tx-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar
* @see spring-web-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar
* @see spring-webmvc-3.2.4.RELEASE.jar
* @create Sep 30, 2013 11:10:06 PM
*/ @Controller @RequestMapping("mydemo") public class LoginController {
/**
* 用户登录
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/login", method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String login(HttpServletRequest request){
String resultPageURL = InternalResourceViewResolver.FORWARD_URL_PREFIX + "/";
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(username, password);
token.setRememberMe(true);
System.out.println("为了验证登录用户而封装的token为" + ReflectionToStringBuilder.toString(token, ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE));
//获取当前的Subject
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
try {
//在调用了login方法后,SecurityManager会收到AuthenticationToken,并将其发送给已配置的Realm执行必须的认证检查
//每个Realm都能在必要时对提交的AuthenticationTokens作出反应
//所以这一步在调用login(token)方法时,它会走到MyRealm.doGetAuthenticationInfo()方法中,具体验证方式详见此方法
System.out.println("对用户[" + username + "]进行登录验证..验证开始");
currentUser.login(token);
System.out.println("对用户[" + username + "]进行登录验证..验证通过");
resultPageURL = "main";
}catch(UnknownAccountException uae){
System.out.println("对用户[" + username + "]进行登录验证..验证未通过,未知账户");
request.setAttribute("message_login", "未知账户");
}catch(IncorrectCredentialsException ice){
System.out.println("对用户[" + username + "]进行登录验证..验证未通过,错误的凭证");
request.setAttribute("message_login", "密码不正确");
}catch(LockedAccountException lae){
System.out.println("对用户[" + username + "]进行登录验证..验证未通过,账户已锁定");
request.setAttribute("message_login", "账户已锁定");
}catch(ExcessiveAttemptsException eae){
System.out.println("对用户[" + username + "]进行登录验证..验证未通过,错误次数过多");
request.setAttribute("message_login", "用户名或密码错误次数过多");
}catch(AuthenticationException ae){
//通过处理Shiro的运行时AuthenticationException就可以控制用户登录失败或密码错误时的情景
System.out.println("对用户[" + username + "]进行登录验证..验证未通过,堆栈轨迹如下");
ae.printStackTrace();
request.setAttribute("message_login", "用户名或密码不正确");
}
//验证是否登录成功
if(currentUser.isAuthenticated()){
System.out.println("用户[" + username + "]登录认证通过(这里可以进行一些认证通过后的一些系统参数初始化操作)");
}else{
token.clear();
}
return resultPageURL;
}
/**
* 用户登出
*/
@RequestMapping("/logout")
public String logout(HttpServletRequest request){
SecurityUtils.getSubject().logout();
return InternalResourceViewResolver.REDIRECT_URL_PREFIX + "/";
}
}
6、UserController.java------处理普通用户访问package com.papio.controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller @RequestMapping("mydemo")
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping(value="/getUserInfo")
public String getUserInfo(HttpServletRequest request){
String currentUser = (String)request.getSession().getAttribute("currentUser");
System.out.println("当前登录的用户为[" + currentUser + "]");
request.setAttribute("currUser", currentUser);
return "/user/info";
}
}
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