python 序列化模块_python序列化模块

#什么叫序列化模块:

# # 将原本的字典,列表等内容转换成一个字符串的过程就叫做序列化

# #序列化的目的:

# #1.以某种存储形式使自定义对象持久化

# #2.将对象从一个地方传递到另外一个地方

# #3.使程序更具维护性.

# # str>>>> 反序列化>>>>数据结构

# # 数据结构>>>>序列化>>>>>>>str

#

# # json

# # json模块提供了四个功能:dumps dump loads load

# import json

# # dumps 和 loads

# dic = {"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","k3":"v3"}

# str_dic = json.dumps(dic) # 序列化:将一个字典转换成一个字符串

# print(type(str_dic),str_dic) # {"k1": "v1", "k2": "v2", "k3": "v3"}

# # 注意: json转换完的字符串类型的字典中的字符串是由""(双标点)表示

#

# dic2 = json.loads(str_dic) # 反序列化:将一个字符串格式的字典转换成一个字典

# print(type(dic2),dic2) # {'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v2', 'k3': 'v3'}

# #注意: 用json的loads功能处理的字符串类型的字典中的字符串必须由""表示

#

# list_dic = [1,['a','b','c'],3,{'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'}]

# str_dic = json.dumps(list_dic) # 可以处理嵌套的数据类型

# print(type(str_dic),str_dic) # [1, ["a", "b", "c"], 3, {"k1": "v1", "k2": "v2"}]

# list_dic2 = json.loads(str_dic)

# print(type(list_dic2),list_dic2) # [1, ['a', 'b', 'c'], 3, {'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v2'}]

#

#

# # dump 和load

#

# f = open('json_file','w')

# dic4 = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'}

# json.dump(dic4,f) # dump方法接收一个文件句柄,直接将字典转换成hson字符串后写入文件

# f.close() # 关闭文件

#

# f = open('json_file')

# dic5 = json.load(f) # load方法接收一个文件句柄,直接将文件中的字符串转换成数据结构返回

# f.close()

# print(type(dic5),dic5) # [1, ['a', 'b', 'c'], 3, {'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v2'}]

#import json

# dumps和dump中ensure_ascii关键字

# f = open('file','w',encoding="utf-8")

# json.dump({'国籍':'中国'},f)

# ret = json.dumps({'国际':'中国'})

# f.write(ret+"\n") # 写入之后里面是字节码

# f.close()

#

# json.dump({'国籍':'中国'},f,ensure_ascii=False)

# ret1 = json.dumps({'国籍':'中国'},ensure_ascii=False)

# f.write(ret1+"\n") # 写入之后显示中文

# f.close()

#json的格式化输出

# import json

# data = {'username':['李华','二愣子'],'sex':'male','age':16}

# json_dic2 = json.dumps(data,sort_keys=True,indent=2,separators=(',',':'),ensure_ascii=False)

# print(json_dic2) # 为了用户方便看,存入文件浪费内存

# 结果:

#{

# "age":16,

# "sex":"male",

# "username":[

# "李华",

# "二愣子"

# ]

# }

#json用法写的一些注意事项

#import json

#json格式的限制1,json格式的key必须是字符串数据类型

#json格式中的字符串只能是""(双引号)

#如果是数字为key,那么dump之后会强行转成字符串数据类型

# dic = {1:2,3:4}

# str_dic = json.dumps(dic)

# print(type(str_dic),str_dic) # {"1": 2, "3": 4}

# new_dic = json.loads(str_dic)

# print(type(new_dic),new_dic) # {'1': 2, '3': 4}

# json是否支持元组,对元组做value的字典会把元组强制转换成列表

# dic = {'abc':(1,2,3)}

# str_dic = json.dumps(dic)

# print(type(str_dic),str_dic) # {"abc": [1, 2, 3]} 转成列表

# new_dic = json.loads(str_dic)

# print(new_dic) # {'abc': [1, 2, 3]} 转换回去value还是列表

#json是否支持元组做key,不支持

# dic = {(1,2,3):'abc'}

# str_dic = json.dumps(dic) # 报错 键必须是str、int、float、bool或None，而不是tuple

# 对列表的dump

# lst = ["aaa",123,'bbb',4.66]

# with open('json_demo','w') as f:

# json.dump(lst,f)

# with open('json_demo') as f:

# ret = json.load(f)

# print(ret) # ['aaa', 123, 'bbb', 4.66]

#

#能不能多次dump数据到文件里,可以多次dump到文件里但是不能load出来

# dic = {'abc':(1,2,3)}

# lst = ["avc",123,44,34]

# with open('json_demo','w') as f:

# json.dump(lst,f)

# json.dump(dic,f) # 多次dump到文件

# with open('json_demo') as f:

# ret = json.load(f) # 报错

# print(ret)

#

#想dump多个数据进入文件,用dumps

# dic = {'abc':(1,2,3)}

# lst = ['abc',123]

# with open('json_demo','w') as f:

# str_lst = json.dumps(lst)

# str_dic = json.dumps(dic)

# f.write(str_lst+"\n")

# f.write(str_dic+"\n")

#

# with open('json_demo') as f:

# for line in f:

# ret = json.loads(line)

# print(ret) # 全部取出

# 结果:

#['abc', 123]

#{'abc': [1, 2, 3]}

# 中文格式的 ensure_ascii = False

# dic = {'ac':(1,23,3),"国家":"中国"}

# ret = json.dumps(dic,ensure_ascii=False)

# print(ret) # {"ac": [1, 23, 3], "国家": "中国"}

#

# dic_new = json.loads(ret)

# print(dic_new) # {'ac': [1, 23, 3], '国家': '中国'}

# 集合set不能被dump和dumps

# pickle模块的四个功能:dumps,dump(序列化,存),loads(反序列化,读),load

# pickle可以将python中任意的数据类型序列化

#dump的结果是bytes,dump用的f文件句柄需要以'wb'的形式打开,load所用的f是'rb'模式读取

#几乎支持所有数据类的序列化

#对于对象的序列化需要这个对象对象的类在内存中

#对于多次dump\load的操作做了良好的处理

#import pickle

# dic = {1:(1,2,3),('a','b'):4}

# pic_dic = pickle.dumps(dic)

# print(type(pic_dic),pic_dic) # b'\x80\x03}q\x00(K\x01K\ bytse类型

#

# new_dic = pickle.loads(pic_dic)

# print(new_dic) # {1: (1, 2, 3), ('a', 'b'): 4}

#pickle支持几乎所有对象的

# class Student:

# def __init__(self,name,age):

# self.name = name

# self.age = age

# alex = Student("alex",40)

# ret = pickle.dumps(alex)

# print(ret) # 字节

#

# pic_ret = pickle.loads(ret)

# print(pic_ret) # <__main__.student object at>

# print(pic_ret.name) #alex

# print(pic_ret.age) # 40

import pickle

# class Student:

# def __init__(self,name,age):

# self.name = name

# self.age = age

# alex = Student("alex",80)

# with open('pickle_demo','wb') as f:

# pickle.dump(alex,f)

# with open('pickle_demo',"rb") as f:

# ret = pickle.load(f)

# print(ret) # <__main__.student object at>

# print(ret.name)

#

# with open('pickle_demo','wb') as f:

# pickle.dump({'k1':'v1'},f)

# pickle.dump({'k2':'v2'},f)

#

# with open('pickle_demo','rb') as f: # 不能用for循环,不知道有多少文件

# while 1:

# try:

# print(pickle.load(f))

# except EOFError: # 异常捕获

# break

#结果

# {'k1': 'v1'}

# {'k2': 'v2'}

#shelve 序列化工具只有一个open方法

import shelve

f = shelve.open('shelve_demo')

f['key'] = {'k1':(1,2,3),'k2':'v2'}

f.close()

f = shelve.open('shelve_demo')

content = f['key']

f.close()

print(content) # {'k1': (1, 2, 3), 'k2': 'v2'}

#shelve 如果写定的一个文件,改动的比较少,读取比较多,且大部分读取都要

#基于某个key获得某个value