linux中netplan永久改IP,Ubuntu 18.04 用 NetPlan 设定网络固定 IP

以前在 Ubuntu 设定固定 IP 是修改档案 /etc/network/interfaces, 但从 Ubuntu 17.10 开始在 CLI 要修改网络设定, 便要使用 NetPlan, NetPlan 会读取所有在 /etc/netplan/ 下的 *.yaml 设定档.

以下是在 Ubuntu 18.04 设定固定 IP 的方法, 并假设要设定的网卡名称是 enp0s3.

NetPlan 默认的设定档在 /etc/netplan/ 目录下的 01-netcfg.yaml 或 50-cloud-init.yaml, 默认会自动侦测 DHCP 取得 IP, 内容类似以下:

/ubuntu/netplan

$ sudo vi /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml

# This file is generated from information provided by

# the datasource. Changes to it will not persist across an instance.

# To disable cloud-init's network configuration capabilities, write a file

# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:

# network: {config: disabled}

network:

ethernets:

enp0s3:

addresses: []

dhcp4: true

version: 2

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# This file is generated from information provided by

# the datasource.  Changes to it will not persist across an instance.

# To disable cloud-init's network configuration capabilities, write a file

# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:

# network: {config: disabled}

network:

ethernets:

enp0s3:

addresses:[]

dhcp4:true

version:2

例如我想使用以下的网络设定:

IP: 192.168.0.10

Getway: 192.168.0.1

DNS: 8.8.8.8 及 8.8.4.4

将 /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml 改成这样:

# This file is generated from information provided by

# the datasource. Changes to it will not persist across an instance.

# To disable cloud-init's network configuration capabilities, write a file

# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:

# network: {config: disabled}

network:

ethernets:

enp0s3:

addresses: [192.168.0.10/24]

gateway4: 192.168.0.1

nameservers:

addresses: [8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4]

dhcp4: no

version: 2

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# This file is generated from information provided by

# the datasource.  Changes to it will not persist across an instance.

# To disable cloud-init's network configuration capabilities, write a file

# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:

# network: {config: disabled}

network:

ethernets:

enp0s3:

addresses:[192.168.0.10/24]

gateway4:192.168.0.1

nameservers:

addresses:[8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4]

dhcp4:no

version:2

储存盘案后, 可以先检查设定是否正确:

/ubuntu/netplan

$ sudo netplan try

如果设定正确的话便会使用新网络设定, 并会在 120 秒后自动还原成原本的设定。这个措施是为了防止设定网络出错, 不能登入远端主机.

一切没有问题后, 执行以下指令使用新的网络设定:

/ubuntu/netplan

$ sudo netplan apply

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