java hashmap缺点_JavaHashMap在同一键下具有多个值

小编典典

你可以：

使用具有列表作为值的地图。Map>。

创建一个新的包装器类，并将该包装器的实例放置在地图中。Map。

使用类似类的元组(节省创建许多包装器)。Map>。

并排使用多个地图。

例子

1.使用列表作为值进行映射

// create our map

Map> peopleByForename = new HashMap<>();

// populate it

List people = new ArrayList<>();

people.add(new Person("Bob Smith"));

people.add(new Person("Bob Jones"));

peopleByForename.put("Bob", people);

// read from it

List bobs = peopleByForename["Bob"];

Person bob1 = bobs[0];

Person bob2 = bobs[1];

这种方法的缺点是列表未完全绑定到两个值。

2.使用包装器类

// define our wrapper

class Wrapper {

public Wrapper(Person person1, Person person2) {

this.person1 = person1;

this.person2 = person2;

}

public Person getPerson1 { return this.person1; }

public Person getPerson2 { return this.person2; }

private Person person1;

private Person person2;

}

// create our map

Map peopleByForename = new HashMap<>();

// populate it

Wrapper people = new Wrapper();

peopleByForename.put("Bob", new Wrapper(new Person("Bob Smith"),

new Person("Bob Jones"));

// read from it

Wrapper bobs = peopleByForename.get("Bob");

Person bob1 = bobs.getPerson1;

Person bob2 = bobs.getPerson2;

这种方法的缺点是，你必须为所有这些非常简单的容器类编写很多样板代码。

3.使用元组

// you'll have to write or download a Tuple class in Java, (.NET ships with one)

// create our map

Map peopleByForename = new HashMap<>();

// populate it

peopleByForename.put("Bob", new Tuple2(new Person("Bob Smith",

new Person("Bob Jones"));

// read from it

Tuple bobs = peopleByForename["Bob"];

Person bob1 = bobs.Item1;

Person bob2 = bobs.Item2;

我认为这是最好的解决方案。

4.多个地图

// create our maps

Map firstPersonByForename = new HashMap<>();

Map secondPersonByForename = new HashMap<>();

// populate them

firstPersonByForename.put("Bob", new Person("Bob Smith"));

secondPersonByForename.put("Bob", new Person("Bob Jones"));

// read from them

Person bob1 = firstPersonByForename["Bob"];

Person bob2 = secondPersonByForename["Bob"];

此解决方案的缺点是，两个映射之间的关联并不明显，程序错误可能会导致两个映射不同步。

2020-03-02