Java 类和对象
如何在Java中交换对象?
比方说,我们有一个名为“汽车”的类有一些属性。我们创造两个Car的对象,比如car1和car2,如何交换car1和car2的数据?
一个简单的解决方案是交换成员变量。
例如,如果Car类只有一个整数属性,表示“否”(车号),我们可以通过交换两辆车的成员来交换车辆。
// A Java program to demonstrate that we can swap two
// objects be swapping members.
// A car with number class Car
class Car
{
int no;
Car(int no) { this.no = no; }
}
// A class that uses Car objects
class Main
{
// To swap c1 and c2
public static void swap(Car c1, Car c2)
{
int temp = c1.no;
c1.no = c2.no;
c2.no = temp;
}
// Driver method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Car c1 = new Car(1);
Car c2 = new Car(2);
swap(c1, c2);
System.out.println("c1.no = " + c1.no);
System.out.println("c2.no = " + c2.no);
}
}
输出:
c1.no = 2
c2.no = 1
如果我们不认识Car的成员,该怎么办?
上述解决方案的工作原理是,我们知道Car中有一个成员“no”。如果我们不认识Car的会员或会员名单太大,该怎么办?Ť 他是一个很常见的情况是使用一些其他的类不能访问其他类的成员类。下面的解决方案工作?
// A Java program to demonstrate that simply swapping
// object references doesn't work
// A car with number and name
class Car
{
int model, no;
// Constructor
Car(int model, int no)
{
this.model = model;
this.no = no;
}
// Utility method to print Car
void print()
{
System.out.println("no = " + no +
", model = " + model);
}
}
// A class that uses Car
class Main
{
// swap() doesn't swap c1 and c2
public static void swap(Car c1, Car c2)
{
Car temp = c1;
c1 = c2;
c2 = temp;
}
// Driver method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Car c1 = new Car(101, 1);
Car c2 = new Car(202, 2);
swap(c1, c2);
c1.print();
c2.print();
}
}
输出:
no = 1,model = 101
no = 2,model = 202
从上面的输出中我们可以看到,对象没有交换。我们在之前说过,参数是通过Java中的值传递的。所以当我们将c1和c2传递给swap()时,函数swap()会创建这些引用的副本。
解决方案是使用Wrapper类
如果我们创建一个包含Car的引用的包装类,我们可以通过交换包装类的引用来交换汽车。
// A Java program to demonstrate that we can use wrapper
// classes to swap to objects
// A car with model and no.
class Car
{
int model, no;
// Constructor
Car(int model, int no)
{
this.model = model;
this.no = no;
}
// Utility method to print object details
void print()
{
System.out.println("no = " + no +
", model = " + model);
}
}
// A Wrapper over class that is used for swapping
class CarWrapper
{
Car c;
// Constructor
CarWrapper(Car c) {this.c = c;}
}
// A Class that use Car and swaps objects of Car
// using CarWrapper
class Main
{
// This method swaps car objects in wrappers
// cw1 and cw2
public static void swap(CarWrapper cw1,
CarWrapper cw2)
{
Car temp = cw1.c;
cw1.c = cw2.c;
cw2.c = temp;
}
// Driver method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Car c1 = new Car(101, 1);
Car c2 = new Car(202, 2);
CarWrapper cw1 = new CarWrapper(c1);
CarWrapper cw2 = new CarWrapper(c2);
swap(cw1, cw2);
cw1.c.print();
cw2.c.print();
}
}
输出:
no = 2,model = 202
no = 1,model = 101
因此,即使用户类无法访问要交换对象的类的成员,包装类解决方案也能正常工作。