linux运行 exec函数,Linux下面exec函数

一、简介：

exec系列的函数，在Linux系统中起到很重要的作用，如shell进程的创建就是其中一种应用，一般而言先fork()出来一个子进程，然后exec()执行这个子进程。有6种exec函数可供使用，包括：exxecl、execv、execle、execve、execlp、execvp，但其中只有execve是内核的系统调用

关系如图：

下面写了两个程序来尝试下这些函数：(参考自：apue)

apue.h

/* Our own header, to be included before all standard system headers */

#ifndef _APUE_H

#define _APUE_H

#if defined(SOLARIS)

#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500 /* Single UNIX Specification, Version 2 for Solaris 9 */

#define CMSG_LEN(x) _CMSG_DATA_ALIGN(sizeof(struct cmsghdr)+(x))

#elif !defined(BSD)

#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600 /* Single UNIX Specification, Version 3 */

#endif

#include /* some systems still require this */

#include

#include /* for winsize */

#ifndef TIOCGWINSZ

#include

#endif

#include /* for convenience */

#include /* for convenience */

#include /* for offsetof */

#include /* for convenience */

#include /* for convenience */

#include /* for SIG_ERR */

#define MAXLINE 4096 /* max line length */

/*

* Default file access permissions for new files.

*/

#define FILE_MODE (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH)

/*

* Default permissions for new directories.

*/

#define DIR_MODE (FILE_MODE | S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH)

typedef void Sigfunc(int); /* for signal handlers */

#if defined(SIG_IGN) && !defined(SIG_ERR)

#define SIG_ERR ((Sigfunc *)-1)

#endif

#define min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))

#define max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))

/*

* Prototypes for our own functions.

*/

char *path_alloc(int *); /* {Prog pathalloc} */

long open_max(void); /* {Prog openmax} */

void clr_fl(int, int); /* {Prog setfl} */

void set_fl(int, int); /* {Prog setfl} */

void pr_exit(int); /* {Prog prexit} */

void pr_mask(const char *); /* {Prog prmask} */

Sigfunc *signal_intr(int, Sigfunc *); /* {Prog signal_intr_function} */

int tty_cbreak(int); /* {Prog raw} */

int tty_raw(int); /* {Prog raw} */

int tty_reset(int); /* {Prog raw} */

void tty_atexit(void); /* {Prog raw} */

#ifdef ECHO /* only if has been included */

struct termios *tty_termios(void); /* {Prog raw} */

#endif

void sleep_us(unsigned int); /* {Ex sleepus} */

ssize_t readn(int, void *, size_t); /* {Prog readn_writen} */

ssize_t writen(int, const void *, size_t); /* {Prog readn_writen} */

void daemonize(const char *); /* {Prog daemoninit} */

int s_pipe(int *); /* {Progs streams_spipe sock_spipe} */

int recv_fd(int, ssize_t (*func)(int,

const void *, size_t));/* {Progs recvfd_streams recvfd_sockets} */

int send_fd(int, int); /* {Progs sendfd_streams sendfd_sockets} */

int send_err(int, int,

const char *); /* {Prog senderr} */

int serv_listen(const char *); /* {Progs servlisten_streams servlisten_sockets} */

int serv_accept(int, uid_t *); /* {Progs servaccept_streams servaccept_sockets} */

int cli_conn(const char *); /* {Progs cliconn_streams cliconn_sockets} */

int buf_args(char *, int (*func)(int,

char **)); /* {Prog bufargs} */

int ptym_open(char *, int); /* {Progs3 ptyopen_streams ptyopen_bsd ptyopen_linux} */

int ptys_open(char *); /* {Progs3 ptyopen_streams ptyopen_bsd ptyopen_linux} */

#ifdef TIOCGWINSZ

pid_t pty_fork(int *, char *, int, const struct termios *,

const struct winsize *); /* {Prog ptyfork} */

#endif

int lock_reg(int, int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* {Prog lockreg} */

#define read_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \

lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))

#define readw_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \

lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))

#define write_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \

lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))

#define writew_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \

lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))

#define un_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \

lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_UNLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))

pid_t lock_test(int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* {Prog locktest} */

#define is_read_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) \

(lock_test((fd), F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)

#define is_write_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) \

(lock_test((fd), F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)

void err_dump(const char *, ...); /* {App misc_source} */

void err_msg(const char *, ...);

void err_quit(const char *, ...);

void err_exit(int, const char *, ...);

void err_ret(const char *, ...);

void err_sys(const char *, ...);

void log_msg(const char *, ...); /* {App misc_source} */

void log_open(const char *, int, int);

void log_quit(const char *, ...);

void log_ret(const char *, ...);

void log_sys(const char *, ...);

void TELL_WAIT(void); /* parent/child from {Sec race_conditions} */

void TELL_PARENT(pid_t);

void TELL_CHILD(pid_t);

void WAIT_PARENT(void);

void WAIT_CHILD(void);

#endif /* _APUE_H */

echoall.c

#include "apue.h"

int main(int argc,char *argv[])

{

int i;

char **ptr;

extern char **environ;

for(i = 0 ; i < argc; i++)

printf("argv[%d]:%s\n",i,argv[i]);

for(ptr = environ; *ptr != 0; ptr++)

printf("%s\n",*ptr);

exit(0);

}

exec_test1.c

#include "apue.h"

#include

char *env_init[] = { "USER=unkown" , "PATH=/tmp" , NULL};

int main(void)

{

pid_t pid;

if((pid = fork()) < 0){

perror("fork error");

//err_sys("fork error");

}else if(pid == 0){

if(execle("/home/hadoop/exec_test/echoall","echoall","myargl","MY ARG2",(char *)0, env_init) < 0)

perror("execle error");

//err_sys("execle error");

}

if(waitpid(pid,NULL,0) < 0)

perror("wait error");

//err_sys("wait error");

if((pid = fork()) < 0){

perror("wait error");

//err_sys("wait error");

}else if(pid == 0){

if(execlp("echoall","echoall","only 1 arg",(char *)0) < 0)

perror("execlp error");

//err_sys("execlp error");

}

exit(0);

}