java的创建对象有几种方法_Java创建对象的几种方法

有时候，也可能碰到这样面试题，如：

Java创建对象有哪几种方法？

除了new之外，java创建对象还有哪几种方式？

本文结合例子，给出几种Java创建对象的方法，Here we go~~~~

使用new创建

这是最常用的一种。如：

Book book=new Book();

示例如下：

package test;

import java.io.Serializable;

import java.util.List;

/** *@author wangmengjun * */

public class Book implements Serializable{

private static final long serialVersionUID = -6212470156629515269L;

/**书名*/

private String name;

/**作者*/

private List authors;

/**ISBN*/

private String isbn;

/**价格*/

private float price;

public Book() {

}

/** *@param name *@param authors *@param isbn *@param price */

public Book(String name, List authors, String isbn, float price) {

this.name = name;

this.authors = authors;

this.isbn = isbn;

this.price = price;

}

/** *@return the name */

public String getName() {

return name;

}

/** *@param name the name to set */

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

/** *@return the authors */

public List getAuthors() {

return authors;

}

/** *@param authors the authors to set */

public void setAuthors(List authors) {

this.authors = authors;

}

/** *@return the isbn */

public String getIsbn() {

return isbn;

}

/** *@param isbn the isbn to set */

public void setIsbn(String isbn) {

this.isbn = isbn;

}

/** *@return the price */

public float getPrice() {

return price;

}

/** *@param price the price to set */

public void setPrice(float price) {

this.price = price;

}

/* (non-Javadoc) * @see java.lang.Object#toString() */

@Override

public String toString() {

return "Book [name=" + name + ", authors=" + authors + ", isbn=" + isbn + ", price="

+ price + "]";

}

}

/**

* 1. 使用new创建对象

*/

Book book1 = new Book();

book1.setName("Redis");

book1.setAuthors(Arrays.asList("Eric", "John"));

book1.setPrice(59.00f);

book1.setIsbn("ABBBB-QQ677868686-HSDKHFKHKH-2324234");

System.out.println(book1);

使用object.clone()

如果要调用clone方法，那么该object需要实现Cloneable接口，并重写clone()方法。

修改后的Book类如下：

package test;

import java.io.Serializable;

import java.util.List;

/** *@author wangmengjun * */

public class Book implements Serializable, Cloneable {

private static final long serialVersionUID = -6212470156629515269L;

/**书名*/

private String name;

/**作者*/

private List authors;

/**ISBN*/

private String isbn;

/**价格*/

private float price;

public Book() {

}

/** *@param name *@param authors *@param isbn *@param price */

public Book(String name, List authors, String isbn, float price) {

this.name = name;

this.authors = authors;

this.isbn = isbn;

this.price = price;

}

/** *@return the name */

public String getName() {

return name;

}

/** *@param name the name to set */

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

/** *@return the authors */

public List getAuthors() {

return authors;

}

/** *@param authors the authors to set */

public void setAuthors(List authors) {

this.authors = authors;

}

/** *@return the isbn */

public String getIsbn() {

return isbn;

}

/** *@param isbn the isbn to set */

public void setIsbn(String isbn) {

this.isbn = isbn;

}

/** *@return the price */

public float getPrice() {

return price;

}

/** *@param price the price to set */

public void setPrice(float price) {

this.price = price;

}

/* (non-Javadoc) * @see java.lang.Object#toString() */

@Override

public String toString() {

return "Book [name=" + name + ", authors=" + authors + ", isbn=" + isbn + ", price="

+ price + "]";

}

@Override

protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {

return (Book) super.clone();

}

}

测试代码

/** * 1. 使用new创建对象 */

Book book1 = new Book();

book1.setName("Redis");

book1.setAuthors(Arrays.asList("Eric", "John"));

book1.setPrice(59.00f);

book1.setIsbn("ABBBB-QQ677868686-HSDKHFKHKH-2324234");

System.out.println(book1);

/** * 2. 使用clone创建对象 */

try {

Book book2 = (Book) book1.clone();

System.out.println(book2);

} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

使用Class.newInstance()

可以直接使用Class.forName("xxx.xx").newInstance()方法或者XXX.class.newInstance()完成。

/** * 3. 使用Class.newInstance(); */

try {

Book book3 = (Book) Class.forName("test.Book").newInstance();

System.out.println(book3);

book3 = Book.class.newInstance();

System.out.println(book3);

} catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | ClassNotFoundException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

使用Contructor.newInstance()

可以指定构造器来创建，如选择第一个构造器创建；也可以指定构造函数参数类型来创建。

/** * 4. 使用Constructor.newInstance(); */

try {

//选择第一个构造器创建Book

Book book4 = (Book) Book.class.getConstructors()[0].newInstance();

//Book [name=null, authors=null, isbn=null, price=0.0]

System.out.println(book4);

/** * 调用指定构造函数创建对象 */

book4 = (Book) Book.class.getConstructor(String.class, List.class, String.class,

float.class).newInstance("New Instance Example", Arrays.asList("Wang", "Eric"),

"abc1111111-def-33333", 60.00f);

//Book [name=New Instance Example, authors=[Wang, Eric], isbn=abc1111111-def-33333, price=60.0]

System.out.println(book4);

} catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | IllegalArgumentException

| InvocationTargetException | SecurityException | NoSuchMethodException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

```

###使用Class.newInstance()或者Contructor.newInstance()，其本质是一样的，都采用了反射机制。

使用反序列化

/**

* 5. 使用反序列化

*/

try (ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("book.dat"));

ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("book.dat"));) {

oos.writeObject(book1);

Book book5 = (Book) ois.readObject();

System.out.println(book5);

} catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

“`