python pandas模块的功能_Python数据分析模块pandas用法详解

本文实例讲述了Python数据分析模块pandas用法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

一 介绍

pandas(Python Data Analysis Library)是基于numpy的数据分析模块，提供了大量标准数据模型和高效操作大型数据集所需要的工具，可以说pandas是使得Python能够成为高效且强大的数据分析环境的重要因素之一。

pandas主要提供了3种数据结构：

1)Series，带标签的一维数组。

2)DataFrame，带标签且大小可变的二维表格结构。

3)Panel，带标签且大小可变的三维数组。

二 代码

1、生成一维数组

>>>import pandas as pd

>>>import numpy as np

>>> x = pd.Series([1,3,5, np.nan])

>>>print(x)

01.0

13.0

25.0

3NaN

dtype: float64

2、生成二维数组

>>> dates = pd.date_range(start='20170101', end='20171231', freq='D')#间隔为天

>>>print(dates)

DatetimeIndex(['2017-01-01','2017-01-02','2017-01-03','2017-01-04',

'2017-01-05','2017-01-06','2017-01-07','2017-01-08',

'2017-01-09','2017-01-10',

...

'2017-12-22','2017-12-23','2017-12-24','2017-12-25',

'2017-12-26','2017-12-27','2017-12-28','2017-12-29',

'2017-12-30','2017-12-31'],

dtype='datetime64[ns]', length=365, freq='D')

>>> dates = pd.date_range(start='20170101', end='20171231', freq='M')#间隔为月

>>>print(dates)

DatetimeIndex(['2017-01-31','2017-02-28','2017-03-31','2017-04-30',

'2017-05-31','2017-06-30','2017-07-31','2017-08-31',

'2017-09-30','2017-10-31','2017-11-30','2017-12-31'],

dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='M')

>>> df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(12,4), index=dates, columns=list('ABCD'))

>>>print(df)

A B C D

2017-01-31-0.6825560.2441020.4508550.236475

2017-02-28-0.6300600.5906670.4824380.225697

2017-03-311.0669890.3193391.0949531.716053

2017-04-300.334944-0.053049-1.009493-1.039470

2017-05-31-0.380778-0.0444290.0756470.931243

2017-06-300.8675400.872197-0.738974-1.114596

2017-07-310.423371-1.0863860.183820-0.438921

2017-08-311.2851630.634134-0.4729731.281057

2017-09-30-1.002832-0.888122-1.316014-0.070637

2017-10-311.735617-0.2538150.5544031.536211

2017-11-302.0303840.6675561.0126980.239479

2017-12-312.059718-0.0890501.4205170.224578

>>> df = pd.DataFrame([[np.random.randint(1,100)for j in range(4)]for i in range(12)], index=dates, columns=list('ABCD'))

>>>print(df)

A B C D

2017-01-317532522

2017-02-2870997098

2017-03-3199477567

2017-04-3033701749

2017-05-3162886891

2017-06-3019751844

2017-07-3150856582

2017-08-315628776

2017-09-306173111

2017-10-318296692

2017-11-306359194

2017-12-3179586933

>>> df = pd.DataFrame({'A':[np.random.randint(1,100)for i in range(4)],

'B':pd.date_range(start='20130101', periods=4, freq='D'),

'C':pd.Series([1,2,3,4],index=list(range(4)),dtype='float32'),

'D':np.array([3]*4,dtype='int32'),

'E':pd.Categorical(["test","train","test","train"]),

'F':'foo'})

>>>print(df)

A B C D E F

0152013-01-011.03 test foo

1112013-01-022.03 train foo

2912013-01-033.03 test foo

3912013-01-044.03 train foo

>>> df = pd.DataFrame({'A':[np.random.randint(1,100)for i in range(