linux扩大lvm_[Linux]LVM扩展卷

LVM

LVM是逻辑盘卷管理(Logical Volume Manager)的简称，它是Linux环境下对磁盘分区进行管理的一种机制，LVM是建立在硬盘和分区之上的一个逻辑层，来提高磁盘分区管理的灵活性。LVM是在磁盘分区和文件系统之间添加的一个逻辑层，来为文件系统屏蔽下层磁盘分区布局，提供一个抽象的盘卷，在盘卷上建立文件系统。物理卷(physical volume)物理卷就是指硬盘分区或从逻辑上与磁盘分区具有同样功能的设备(如RAID)，是LVM的基本存储逻辑块，但和基本的物理存储介质(如分区、磁盘等)比较，却包含有与LVM相关的管理参数。

优势：能够在线扩容当前的分区容量。

结构：在整个LVM结构当中以此分为：“物理卷、物理卷分区、卷组、逻辑卷”，下面我详细解释一下这四种结构：

物理卷：Physical Volume，简称PV，一个物理卷只不过是一个有LVM管理数据添加在里面的物理存储介质。要使用LVM系统，首先对要用于LVM的磁盘进行初始化，初始化的目的就是将磁盘或分区标识为LVM 的物理卷。使用pvcreate 命令可以将一个磁盘标记为 LVM 物理卷。

物理分区：Physical Extents，简称PE，LVM将每个物理卷分别叫做物理分区的可寻址存储单元，存储单元的大小通常为几MB。磁盘的开头部分为LVM元数据，之后从索引为零开始，每个物理分区的索引依次递增一，按顺序进行分配。

卷组：Volume Group，简称VG，物理卷可以组织为卷组。卷组可以由一个或多个物理卷组成，同时系统中可以有多个卷组。创建了卷组之后，该卷组(而不是磁盘)便是表示数据存储的实体。因此，尽管以前是将磁盘从一个系统移动到另一个系统，使用了 LVM 之后，会将卷组从一个系统移动到另一个系统。出于这种原因，通常在一个系统上创建多个卷组会比较方便。

逻辑分区：Logical Extents，简称LE，逻辑卷的基本分配单元称为逻辑分区。逻辑分区映射到物理分区，因此，如果物理分区的尺寸小为4MB，那么逻辑分区的尺寸也将为4MB。逻辑卷的大小取决于所分配的逻辑分区数量。

生产环境

[root@Nexus3 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)

[root@Nexus3 ~]# lvm version

LVM version: 2.02.185(2)-RHEL7 (2019-05-13)

Library version: 1.02.158-RHEL7 (2019-05-13)

Driver version: 4.37.1

硬盘扩容20G->100G

[root@Nexus3 ~]# df -hT

Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

devtmpfs devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev

tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 8.8M 3.9G 1% /run

tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

-----/dev/mapper/centos-root是我们需要扩的卷-------------------------

/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 17G 1.2G 16G 7% /

/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 136M 879M 14% /boot

tmpfs tmpfs 799M 0 799M 0% /run/user/0

查看本地物理硬盘

[root@Nexus3 ~]# fdisk -l

-----磁盘容量100G-------------------------

Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x000c35ff

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM

-----正在使用18.2G，我们需要将此硬盘扩容-------------------------

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.2 GB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

硬盘分区

根据实际情况选择自己的硬盘

[root@Nexus3 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

-----列出当前分区-------------------------

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x000c35ff

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux

-----注意后面Id System 后面用到-------------------------

/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM

-----创建分区n，一路回车就会创建sda3全部容量-------------------------

Command (m for help): n

Partition type:

p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)

e extended

Select (default p):

Using default response p

Partition number (3,4, default 3):

First sector (41943040-209715199, default 41943040):

Using default value 41943040

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (41943040-209715199, default 209715199):

Using default value 209715199

Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 80 GiB is set

-----验证分区-------------------------

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x000c35ff

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM

-----看看后面Id System需要修改-------------------------

/dev/sda3 41943040 209715199 83886080 83 Linux

-----修改Id-------------------------

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-3, default 3):

Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e

Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x000c35ff

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sda3 41943040 209715199 83886080 8e Linux LVM

-----保存！！！！！-------------------------

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at

the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)

Syncing disks.

-----同步磁盘状态-------------------------

[root@Nexus3 ~]# partprobe

创建物理卷

pvcreate

-----查询当前PV-------------------------

[root@Nexus3 ~]# pvdisplay

--- Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/sda2

VG Name centos

PV Size <19.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB

Allocatable yes (but full)

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 4863

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 4863

PV UUID 2MrxDf-dTQK-I7iK-5VUs-bcrv-Af2t-fVaAiL

-----创建新的PV-------------------------

[root@Nexus3 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3

Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.

[root@Nexus3 ~]# pvdisplay

--- Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/sda2

VG Name centos

PV Size <19.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB

Allocatable yes (but full)

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 4863

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 4863

PV UUID 2MrxDf-dTQK-I7iK-5VUs-bcrv-Af2t-fVaAiL

-----这个是我们创建的-------------------------

"/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "80.00 GiB"

--- NEW Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/sda3

VG Name

PV Size 80.00 GiB

Allocatable NO

PE Size 0

Total PE 0

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 0

PV UUID kfO9Yc-ToQb-2vnf-8muc-MNsZ-oxJV-vi1vVe

扩展卷组

vgextend

-----查看当前VG-------------------------

[root@Nexus3 ~]# vgdisplay

--- Volume group ---

-----VG Name需要用到-------------------------

VG Name centos

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 1

Metadata Sequence No 3

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 2

Open LV 2

Max PV 0

Cur PV 1

Act PV 1

VG Size <19.00 GiB

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 4863

Alloc PE / Size 4863 / <19.00 GiB

Free PE / Size 0 / 0

VG UUID Wx79ds-a3LO-VhXo-HJdk-fr0X-C9UX-KOqfSK

-----扩展卷组-------------------------

[root@Nexus3 ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda3

Volume group "centos" successfully extended

逻辑卷扩展

lvextend -l +100%free #前面df -hT看到的信息

-----查看逻辑卷-------------------------

[root@Nexus3 ~]# lvdisplay

--- Logical volume ---

LV Path /dev/centos/swap

LV Name swap

VG Name centos

LV UUID bgsynr-YUZE-LX2j-NIgG-sqqU-wVxb-GIZDg7

LV Write Access read/write

LV Creation host, time localhost, 2019-11-22 14:16:37 +0800

LV Status available

# open 2

LV Size 2.00 GiB

Current LE 512

Segments 1

Allocation inherit

Read ahead sectors auto

- currently set to 8192

Block device 253:1

-----我们需要扩展该卷-------------------------

--- Logical volume ---

LV Path /dev/centos/root

LV Name root

VG Name centos

LV UUID lkRm4c-8g6X-ZWm2-Y86h-aKXs-i2lN-ZKdGaD

LV Write Access read/write

LV Creation host, time localhost, 2019-11-22 14:16:37 +0800

LV Status available

# open 1

LV Size <17.00 GiB

Current LE 4351

Segments 1

Allocation inherit

Read ahead sectors auto

- currently set to 8192

Block device 253:0

-----扩充-------------------------

[root@Nexus3 ~]# lvextend -l +100%free /dev/mapper/centos-root

Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <17.00 GiB (4351 extents) to 96.99 GiB (24830 extents).

Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.

动态格式化扩容磁盘

[root@Nexus3 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root

meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=1113856 blks

= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1

= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0

data = bsize=4096 blocks=4455424, imaxpct=25

= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks

naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1

log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2

= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0

data blocks changed from 4455424 to 25425920

验证

[root@Nexus3 ~]# df -hT

Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

devtmpfs devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev

tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 8.9M 3.9G 1% /run

tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

-----100G-------------------------

/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 97G 1.2G 96G 2% /

/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 136M 879M 14% /boot

tmpfs tmpfs 799M 0 799M 0% /run/user/0

END