termquery是什么_Elasticsearch 5.x 关于term query和match query的认识

一、基本情况

前言：term query和match query牵扯的东西比较多，例如分词器、mapping、倒排索引等。我结合官方文档中的一个实例，谈谈自己对此处的理解

string类型在es5.*分为text和keyword。text是要被分词的，整个字符串根据一定规则分解成一个个小写的term，keyword类似es2.3中not_analyzed的情况。

string数据put到elasticsearch中，默认是text。

NOTE:默认分词器为standard analyzer。”Quick Brown Fox!”会被分解成[quick,brown,fox]写入倒排索引

term query会去倒排索引中寻找确切的term，它并不知道分词器的存在。这种查询适合keyword 、numeric、date

match query知道分词器的存在。并且理解是如何被分词的

总的来说有如下：-term query 查询的是倒排索引中确切的term-match query 会对filed进行分词操作，然后在查询

二、测试(1)

准备数据：

POST/termtest/termtype/1{"content":"Name"}

POST/termtest/termtype/2{"content":"name city"}

查看数据是否导入

GET/termtest/_search

{"query":

{"match_all": {}

}

}

结果：

{"took": 1,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"failed": 0

},"hits": {"total": 2,"max_score": 1,"hits": [

{"_index": "termtest","_type": "termtype","_id": "2","_score": 1,"_source": {"content": "name city"}

},

{"_index": "termtest","_type": "termtype","_id": "1","_score": 1,"_source": {"content": "Name"}

}

]

}

}

如上说明，数据已经被导入。该处字符串类型是text，也就是默认被分词了

做如下查询：

POST/termtest/_search

{"query":{"term":{"content":"Name"}

}

}

结果

{"took": 1,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"failed": 0

},"hits": {"total": 0,"max_score": null,"hits": []

}

}

分析结果：因为是默认被standard analyzer分词器分词，大写字母全部转为了小写字母，并存入了倒排索引以供搜索。term是确切查询，

必须要匹配到大写的Name。所以返回结果为空

POST/termtest/_search

{"query":{"match":{"content":"Name"}

}

}

结果

{"took": 2,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"failed": 0

},"hits": {"total": 2,"max_score": 0.2876821,"hits": [

{"_index": "termtest","_type": "termtype","_id": "1","_score": 0.2876821,"_source": {"content": "Name"}

},

{"_index": "termtest","_type": "termtype","_id": "2","_score": 0.25811607,"_source": {"content": "name city"}

}

]

}

}

分析结果: 原因(1)：默认被standard analyzer分词器分词，大写字母全部转为了小写字母，并存入了倒排索引以供搜索，

原因(2)：match query先对filed进行分词，分词为”name”,再去匹配倒排索引中的term

三、测试(2)

下面是官网实例官网实例1. 导入数据

PUT my_index

{"mappings": {"my_type": {"properties": {"full_text": {"type": "text"},"exact_value": {"type": "keyword"}

}

}

}

}

PUT my_index/my_type/1{"full_text": "Quick Foxes!","exact_value": "Quick Foxes!"}

先指定类型，再导入数据

full_text: 指定类型为text，是会被分词

exact_value: 指定类型为keyword，不会被分词

full_text： 会被standard analyzer分词为如下terms [quick,foxes],存入倒排索引

exact_value： 只有[Quick Foxes!]这一个term会被存入倒排索引

做如下查询

GET my_index/my_type/_search

{"query": {"term": {"exact_value": "Quick Foxes!"}

}

}

结果：

{"took": 1,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"failed": 0

},"hits": {"total": 1,"max_score": 0.2876821,"hits": [

{"_index": "my_index","_type": "my_type","_id": "1","_score": 0.2876821,"_source": {"full_text": "Quick Foxes!","exact_value": "Quick Foxes!"}

}

]

}

}

exact_value包含了确切的Quick Foxes!，因此被查询到

GET my_index/my_type/_search

{"query": {"term": {"full_text": "Quick Foxes!"}

}

}

结果：

{"took": 4,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"failed": 0

},"hits": {"total": 0,"max_score": null,"hits": []

}

}

full_text被分词了，倒排索引中只有quick和foxes。没有Quick Foxes!

GET my_index/my_type/_search

{"query": {"term": {"full_text": "foxes"}

}

}

结果：

{"took": 2,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"failed": 0

},"hits": {"total": 1,"max_score": 0.25811607,"hits": [

{"_index": "my_index","_type": "my_type","_id": "1","_score": 0.25811607,"_source": {"full_text": "Quick Foxes!","exact_value": "Quick Foxes!"}

}

]

}

}

full_text被分词，倒排索引中只有quick和foxes，因此查询foxes能成功

GET my_index/my_type/_search

{"query": {"match": {"full_text": "Quick Foxes!"}

}

}

结果：

{"took": 3,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"failed": 0

},"hits": {"total": 1,"max_score": 0.51623213,"hits": [

{"_index": "my_index","_type": "my_type","_id": "1","_score": 0.51623213,"_source": {"full_text": "Quick Foxes!","exact_value": "Quick Foxes!"}

}

]

}

}

match query会先对自己的query string进行分词。也就是”Quick Foxes!”先分词为quick和foxes。然后在去倒排索引中查询，此处full_text是text类型，被分词为quick和foxes

因此能匹配上。