centos7 python3.6_docker(3)快速搭建centos7-python3.6环境

前言

当我们在一台电脑上搭建了python3.6的环境,下次换台电脑,又得重新搭建一次,设置环境变量等操作。

好不容易安装好,一会提示pip不是内部或外部命令,一会又提示pip: command not found,想死的心都有了。

搭建环境是真的麻烦,不弄好又不行,从今天开始学好docker,环境问题从此和你说再见

docker search搜索镜像

docker search : 从Docker Hub(https://hub.docker.com)中搜索指定的镜像

比如我这里搜索一个基于centos7环境安装的python3.6版本

[root@jkc ~]# docker search python

NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED

python Python is an interpreted, interactive, objec… 5776 [OK]

django Django is a free web application framework, … 1040 [OK]

pypy PyPy is a fast, compliant alternative implem… 262 [OK]

nikolaik/python-nodejs Python with Node.js 57 [OK]

joyzoursky/python-chromedriver Python with Chromedriver, for running automa… 57 [OK]

arm32v7/python Python is an interpreted, interactive, objec… 54

circleci/python Python is an interpreted, interactive, objec… 42

centos/python-35-centos7 Platform for building and running Python 3.5… 39

centos/python-36-centos7 Platform for building and running Python 3.6… 30

hylang Hy is a Lisp dialect that translates express… 29 [OK]

arm64v8/python Python is an interpreted, interactive, objec… 24

revolutionsystems/python Optimized Python Images 18

centos/python-27-centos7 Platform for building and running Python 2.7… 17

bitnami/python Bitnami Python Docker Image 10 [OK]

publicisworldwide/python-conda Basic Python environments with Conda. 6 [OK]

d3fk/python_in_bottle Simple python:alpine completed by Bottle+Req… 5 [OK]

dockershelf/python Repository for docker images of Python. Test… 5 [OK]

clearlinux/python Python programming interpreted language with… 4

i386/python Python is an interpreted, interactive, objec… 3

centos/python-34-centos7 Platform for building and running Python 3.4… 2

ppc64le/python Python is an interpreted, interactive, objec… 2

amd64/python Python is an interpreted, interactive, objec… 1

s390x/python Python is an interpreted, interactive, objec… 0

ccitest/python CircleCI test images for Python 0 [OK]

saagie/python Repo for python jobs 0

NAME 镜像仓库名称

DESCRIPTION 镜像描述信息

STARS 镜像收藏数

OFFICIAL 是否为docker官方发布的镜像

AUTOMATED 是否为自动化构建的镜像

下载pull镜像

上面找的想要下载的镜像centos/python-36-centos7,接下来下载到自己本地

如果下载速度缓慢,可以参考这篇博客https://www.cnblogs.com/jiakecong/p/14308660.html

docker pull centos/python-36-centos7

[root@jkc docker]# docker pull centos/python-36-centos7

Using default tag: latest

latest: Pulling from centos/python-36-centos7

75f829a71a1c: Pull complete

e2c4942f4189: Pull complete

f1498894b11c: Pull complete

da56c9694723: Pull complete

07fa76fc639e: Pull complete

abab42dfb7f7: Pull complete

dd73d54fbd62: Pull complete

25966a5cbd52: Pull complete

b947aec7d116: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:ac50754646f0d37616515fb30467d8743fb12954260ec36c9ecb5a94499447e0

Status: Downloaded newer image for centos/python-36-centos7:latest

docker.io/centos/python-36-centos7:latest

[root@jkc docker]#

安装其他python版本

如果有小伙伴想安装其他python版本,比如3.7或者3.8,去https://hub.docker.com搜索即可

2ef043d7353063f0625bc74d224be2d6.png

进入后选择tags标签,进入找到想要的版本复制命令即可

f1dd445f24f1f1eb6f4daf3d9f0ed9df.png

docker images

使用docker images查看本地已经下载好的镜像

[root@jkc docker]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

mysql 5.7 ae0658fdbad5 2 months ago 449MB

centos/python-36-centos7 latest 602660fa9b4e 4 months ago 650MB

[root@jkc docker]#

运行交互式的容器

Docker会在隔离的容器中运行进程。当运行docker run命令时,Docker会启动一个进程,并为这个进程分配其独占的文件系统、网络资源和以此进程为根进程的进程组。

在容器启动时,镜像可能已经定义了要运行的二进制文件、暴露的网络端口等,但是用户可以通过docker run命令重新定义

最基本的docker run命令的格式如下:

$ sudo docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE[:TAG] [COMMAND] [ARG...]

比如我这里要启动centos7,进入交互模式,通过docker的两个参数 -i -t,让docker运行的容器实现"对话"的能力

-t: 在新容器内指定一个伪终端或终端。

-i: 允许你对容器内的标准输入 (STDIN) 进行交互

centos/python-36-centos7:镜像名称

/bin/bash:放在镜像名后的是命令,这里我们希望有个交互式 Shell,因此用的是 /bin/bash。

docker run -i -t centos/python-36-centos7 /bin/bash

进入centos终端后,进python交互环境打印"hello",最后用exit退出

[root@jkc docker]# docker run -i -t centos/python-36-centos7 /bin/bash

(app-root) python

Python 3.6.9 (default, Nov 11 2019, 11:24:16)

[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39)] on linux

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> print("hello")

hello

>>> exit()

(app-root)

后台模式启动

run加上-i -t是进交互模式,如果不想进交互模式直接执行脚本,可以直接使用run,比如echo "hello world",屏幕会输出"hello world"

docker run centos/python-36-centos7 /bin/echo "hello world"

如果不想在前台执行,一般我们运行环境会选择挂后台,加个-d 参数即可

[root@jkc docker]# docker run centos/python-36-centos7 /bin/echo "hello world"

hello world

[root@jkc docker]# docker run -d centos/python-36-centos7 /bin/echo "hello world"

8c7c7449d8596d0d2b7c6d5672ec68d9da73733984232377fb35b30b876faaf5

使用-d后台执行后,会发现下面多了一长串,这个就是容器的唯一id,可以通过这个id找到容器

docker ps查看容器

先run下 training/webapp

docker run -d -p 5000:5000 training/webapp python app.py

使用docker ps查看正在运行的容器

[root@jkc docker]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

a67640969dd9 training/webapp "python app.py" 31 seconds ago Up 31 seconds 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp admiring_mahavira

[root@jkc docker]#

上面的echo "hello world"只是一个很简单的输出指令,执行完就关闭了,所以ps查找正在运行的查不到,可以加个-a参数,显示所有的容器,包括未运行的

ps 查找参数相关语法

-a :显示所有的容器,包括未运行的。

-f :根据条件过滤显示的内容。

--format :指定返回值的模板文件。

-l :显示最近创建的容器。

-n :列出最近创建的n个容器。

--no-trunc :不截断输出。

-q :静默模式,只显示容器编号。

-s :显示总的文件大小。

docker ps -a

[root@jkc docker]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

a67640969dd9 training/webapp "python app.py" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp admiring_mahavira

8c7c7449d859 centos/python-36-centos7 "container-entrypoin…" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago nostalgic_mccarthy

9df0d290b4e6 centos/python-36-centos7 "container-entrypoin…" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 5 minutes ago wonderful_cohen

c01f59e13a3a centos/python-36-centos7 "container-entrypoin…" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 5 minutes ago wonderful_hamilton

3c2d40166a8f centos/python-36-centos7 "container-entrypoin…" 12 minutes ago Exited (0) 5 minutes ago pedantic_engelbart

713e29359fcd centos/python-36-centos7 "container-entrypoin…" 14 minutes ago Exited (0) 12 minutes ago priceless_allen

29980b073576 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 7 weeks ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago jkcmysql

[root@jkc docker]#

这样就能找到上面的容器id 8c7c7449d859 ,不过没那么长

docker logs查看日志

可以通过容器id去查运行的日志

docker logs [容器id]

[root@jkc docker]# docker logs 8c7c7449d859

hello world

[root@jkc docker]#

也可以通过容器的名称去查看,注意这里是容器的名称,不是镜像名称。容器名称是系统自动分配的,如上面的最后一项NAMES 值hopeful_poincare

[root@jkc docker]# docker logs nostalgic_mccarthy

hello world

-f: 让 docker logs 像使用 tail -f 一样来输出容器内部的标准输出。

[root@jkc docker]# docker logs -f 8c7c7449d859

hello world

停止容器

可以用ps查看正在运行的容器

docker ps

[root@jkc docker]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

a67640969dd9 training/webapp "python app.py" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp admiring_mahavira

停止容器的话,可以用docker stop容器的id或者容器NAME名称

docker stop a67640969dd9

或者提供容器名称admiring_mahavira来停止

docker stop admiring_mahavira

启动容器

docker start 容器id

[root@jkc docker]# docker start a67640969dd9

a67640969dd9

[root@jkc docker]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

a67640969dd9 training/webapp "python app.py" 13 minutes ago Up 6 seconds 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp admiring_mahavira

正在运行的容器,可以使用 docker restart 命令来重启

[root@jkc docker]# docker restart a67640969dd9

a67640969dd9

进入容器

在使用 -d 参数时,容器启动后会进入后台。此时想要进入容器,可以通过以下指令进入:

docker attach

docker exec:推荐大家使用 docker exec 命令,因为此退出容器终端,不会导致容器的停止。

attach 命令

下面演示了使用 docker attach 命令。

docker attach 1e560fca3906

注意: 如果从这个容器退出,会导致容器的停止。

exec 命令

下面演示了使用 docker exec 命令。

[root@jkc easymock]# docker exec -it 25743368a66d /bin/bash

[root@jkc easymock]# docker exec -it 25743368a66d /bin/bash

root@25743368a66d:/opt/webapp# exit

exit

[root@jkc easymock]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

25743368a66d training/webapp "python app.py" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes 5000/tcp keen_aryabhata

注意: 如果从这个容器退出,容器不会停止,这就是为什么推荐大家使用 docker exec 的原因。

更多参数说明请使用 docker exec --help 命令查看。

删除容器

使用 docker rm 命令来删除不需要的容器

[root@jkc docker]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

a67640969dd9 training/webapp "python app.py" 14 minutes ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp admiring_mahavira

8c7c7449d859 centos/python-36-centos7 "container-entrypoin…" 17 minutes ago Exited (0) 17 minutes ago nostalgic_mccarthy

9df0d290b4e6 centos/python-36-centos7 "container-entrypoin…" 18 minutes ago Exited (0) 18 minutes ago wonderful_cohen

c01f59e13a3a centos/python-36-centos7 "container-entrypoin…" 18 minutes ago Exited (0) 18 minutes ago wonderful_hamilton

3c2d40166a8f centos/python-36-centos7 "container-entrypoin…" 25 minutes ago Exited (0) 18 minutes ago pedantic_engelbart

713e29359fcd centos/python-36-centos7 "container-entrypoin…" 26 minutes ago Exited (0) 25 minutes ago priceless_allen

29980b073576 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 7 weeks ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago jkcmysql

[root@jkc docker]# docker rm 8c7c7449d859

8c7c7449d859

[root@jkc docker]# docker rm 9df0d290b4e6

9df0d290b4e6

[root@jkc docker]# docker rm admiring_mahavira

Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container a67640969dd99d6f26810857d29dd47a43088ea927c03b36dd04dddaf18a4dcf. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove

[root@jkc docker]#

但是rm 正在运行的容器时候,它会报错,需先stop,才能rm

[root@jkc docker]# docker stop admiring_mahavira

admiring_mahavira

[root@jkc docker]# docker rm admiring_mahavira

admiring_mahavira

[root@jkc docker]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

[root@jkc docker]#

删除已经停止运行的容器

如果你跟博主一样有强迫症,在使用docker ps -a发现里面有许多状态为停止的容器,那么可以用下面的命令,将其全部删除

docker container prune

[root@jkc easymock]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

9e610e19c9c0 training/webapp "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Exited (0) 16 seconds ago nervous_robinson

9b977a64610b training/webapp "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Exited (0) About a minute ago jovial_almeida

becfbf291128 training/webapp "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago compassionate_germain

25743368a66d training/webapp "python app.py" 46 minutes ago Exited (137) 40 minutes ago keen_aryabhata

4d7286571786 redis:4.0.6 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 48 minutes ago Up 48 minutes 6379/tcp easymock_redis_1

4dc2b090da1b easymock/easymock:1.6.0 "/bin/bash -c 'npm s…" 48 minutes ago Up 48 minutes 0.0.0.0:7300->7300/tcp easymock_web_1

64cfd7181b19 mongo:3.4.1 "/entrypoint.sh mong…" 48 minutes ago Up 48 minutes 27017/tcp easymock_mongodb_1

713e29359fcd centos/python-36-centos7 "container-entrypoin…" 24 hours ago Exited (0) 24 hours ago priceless_allen

29980b073576 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 8 weeks ago Exited (0) 26 hours ago jkcmysql

[root@jkc easymock]# docker container prune

WARNING! This will remove all stopped containers.

Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y

Deleted Containers:

9e610e19c9c0389b23b3d4e1bc35023483d8e88ec4733b6f0e639596f02cd246

9b977a64610bf22f051d4bc14c08c430b3508a630cd5d3f69cb228fe368b80a0

becfbf29112833f627e7d1751ef08184ffa5a7f51f38a810281f110813935588

25743368a66d395c2a1204d798ac0e53297ad1d25c13aa5ce0ff409daf62d2bd

713e29359fcd4b2f089df0246b17b24ae0f20a315c81ccbe285e207ff920f8d2

29980b0735760a3c0a878c500b85e91f1d4e804c13d87073e07ace27bdcda7ce

Total reclaimed space: 85B

[root@jkc easymock]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

4d7286571786 redis:4.0.6 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 51 minutes ago Up 51 minutes 6379/tcp easymock_redis_1

4dc2b090da1b easymock/easymock:1.6.0 "/bin/bash -c 'npm s…" 51 minutes ago Up 51 minutes 0.0.0.0:7300->7300/tcp easymock_web_1

64cfd7181b19 mongo:3.4.1 "/entrypoint.sh mong…" 51 minutes ago Up 51 minutes 27017/tcp easymock_mongodb_1

[root@jkc easymock]#

上面留下的都是正在运行的容器状态为up

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