Future表示一个任务的周期,并提供了相应的方法来判断是否已经完成或者取消,以及获取任务的结果和取消任务。
Future接口源码:
public interface Future{boolean cancel(booleanmayInterruptIfRunning);booleanisCancelled();booleanisDone();
V get()throwsInterruptedException, ExecutionException;
V get(longtimeout, TimeUnit unit)throwsInterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;
}
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Future的demo
importjava.util.ArrayList;importjava.util.List;importjava.util.Random;importjava.util.concurrent.Callable;importjava.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;importjava.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;importjava.util.concurrent.Executors;importjava.util.concurrent.Future;public classMain {public static voidmain(String[] args) {
ExecutorService executorService=Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
List> resultList = new ArrayList>();//创建10个任务并执行
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {//使用ExecutorService执行Callable类型的任务,并将结果保存在future变量中
Future future = executorService.submit(newTaskWithResult(i));//将任务执行结果存储到List中
resultList.add(future);
}
executorService.shutdown();//遍历任务的结果
for (Futurefs : resultList) {try{
System.out.println(fs.get());//打印各个线程(任务)执行的结果
} catch(InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(ExecutionException e) {
executorService.shutdownNow();
e.printStackTrace();return;
}
}
}
}class TaskWithResult implements Callable{private intid;public TaskWithResult(intid) {this.id =id;
}/*** 任务的具体过程,一旦任务传给ExecutorService的submit方法,则该方法自动在一个线程上执行。
*
*@return*@throwsException*/
public String call() throwsException {
System.out.println("call()方法被自动调用,干活!!! " +Thread.currentThread().getName());if (newRandom().nextBoolean())throw new TaskException("Meet error in task." +Thread.currentThread().getName());//一个模拟耗时的操作
for (int i = 999999999; i > 0; i--)
;return "call()方法被自动调用,任务的结果是:" + id + " " +Thread.currentThread().getName();
}
}class TaskException extendsException {publicTaskException(String message) {super(message);
}
}
call()方法被自动调用,干活!!! pool-1-thread-2call()方法被自动调用,干活!!! pool-1-thread-6call()方法被自动调用,干活!!! pool-1-thread-1call()方法被自动调用,任务的结果是:0 pool-1-thread-1call()方法被自动调用,任务的结果是:1 pool-1-thread-2call()方法被自动调用,干活!!! pool-1-thread-4call()方法被自动调用,干活!!! pool-1-thread-9call()方法被自动调用,干活!!! pool-1-thread-8call()方法被自动调用,干活!!! pool-1-thread-10call()方法被自动调用,干活!!! pool-1-thread-5call()方法被自动调用,干活!!! pool-1-thread-3call()方法被自动调用,干活!!! pool-1-thread-7call()方法被自动调用,任务的结果是:2 pool-1-thread-3call()方法被自动调用,任务的结果是:3 pool-1-thread-4java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: com.company.TaskException: Meet error in task.pool-1-thread-5at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:192)
at com.company.Main.main(Main.java:29)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:144)
Caused by: com.company.TaskException: Meet error in task.pool-1-thread-5at com.company.TaskWithResult.call(Main.java:56)
at com.company.TaskWithResult.call(Main.java:40)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
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FutureTask是一个具体的实现类,ThreadPoolExecutor的submit方法返回的就是一个Future的实现,这个实现就是FutureTask的一个具体实例,FutureTask帮助实现了具体的任务执行,以及和Future接口中的get方法的关联。
Demo:
importjava.util.Date;importjava.text.SimpleDateFormat;importjava.util.Random;importjava.util.concurrent.Callable;importjava.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;importjava.util.concurrent.FutureTask;public classMain {public static voidmain(String[] args) {
SimpleDateFormat df= new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");//初始化一个Callable对象和FutureTask对象
Callable pAccount = newPrivateAccount();
FutureTask futureTask= newFutureTask(pAccount);//使用futureTask创建一个线程
Thread pAccountThread = newThread(futureTask);
System.out.println("futureTask线程现在开始启动,启动时间为:" + df.format(newDate()));
pAccountThread.start();
System.out.println("futureTask线程开始执行其他任务");//从其他账户获取总金额
int totalMoney = new Random().nextInt(100000);
System.out.println("现在你在其他账户中的总金额为" +totalMoney);
System.out.println("等待私有账户总金额统计完毕...");//测试后台的计算线程是否完成,如果未完成则等待
while (!futureTask.isDone()) {try{
Thread.sleep(500);
System.out.println("私有账户计算未完成继续等待...");
}catch(InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("futureTask线程计算完毕,此时时间为" + df.format(newDate()));
Integer privateAccountMoney= null;try{
privateAccountMoney=(Integer) futureTask.get();
}catch(InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("您现在的总金额为:" + totalMoney +"||"+privateAccountMoney.intValue());
}
}class PrivateAccount implementsCallable {
Integer totalMoney;
@Overridepublic Object call() throwsException {
Thread.sleep(5000);
totalMoney= new Integer(new Random().nextInt(10000));
System.out.println("您当前有" + totalMoney + "在您的私有账户中");returntotalMoney;
}
}
futureTask线程现在开始启动,启动时间为:2016-11-30 16:34:57futureTask线程开始执行其他任务
现在你在其他账户中的总金额为17113
等待私有账户总金额统计完毕...
私有账户计算未完成继续等待...
私有账户计算未完成继续等待...
私有账户计算未完成继续等待...
私有账户计算未完成继续等待...
私有账户计算未完成继续等待...
私有账户计算未完成继续等待...
私有账户计算未完成继续等待...
私有账户计算未完成继续等待...
私有账户计算未完成继续等待...
您当前有8776在您的私有账户中
私有账户计算未完成继续等待...
futureTask线程计算完毕,此时时间为2016-11-30 16:35:02您现在的总金额为:17113||8776
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Demo2:
importjava.util.Date;importjava.text.SimpleDateFormat;importjava.util.concurrent.Callable;importjava.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;importjava.util.concurrent.FutureTask;public classMain {public static voidmain(String[] args) {
SimpleDateFormat df= new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
FutureTask futureTask=new FutureTask<>(new Callable() {//@Override
public String call() throwsException {//TODO Auto-generated method stub
return "回调完成";
}
});
Thread thread= newThread(futureTask);
System.out.println("启动时间为:" + df.format(newDate()));
thread.start();try{
String str=futureTask.get();if(str.equals("回调完成"))
System.out.println("异步任务完成!");elseSystem.out.println("Completed!");
}catch(InterruptedException e) {//TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}catch(ExecutionException e) {//TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
启动时间为:2016-12-01 09:37:03异步任务完成!
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