把html文档划分成词素序列,语言学第三章要点英语整理

语言学第三章要点英语整理

语言学第三章要点

(2011-09-18 21:38:56)

Chapter 3 Morphology 形态学

1定义Morphology It is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules that form the words.

Morphology is two sub-branch: inflectional morphology and lexical or derivational morphology.

2.词素可以划分成哪些类别？

Morpheme定义: the smallest meaningful unit of language. (A phoneme is the basic unit in the study of phonology, so is a morpheme the basic unit in the study of morphology.)

Type of morphemes分类:(两类) free morphemes and bound morphemes (include root and affixes)

(1)Free morphemes: They are the independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves, for example, “book-” in the word “bookish”.

(2)Bound morphemes: They are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word such as “-ish” in “bookish”.

※Bound morphemes 分为两类can be subdivided into roots and affixes.词缀

A root is seen as part of a word; it can never stand by itself although it has a clear and definite meaning, such as “gene-” in the word “generate”.

※Such roots are numerous in English for example: "geo-“bears the meaning of “the earth”. When it combines with another root “-ology”meaning “a branch of learning”, we got the word “geology” which means “the study of the earth’s structure.

※Affixes词缀 are of two types: inflectional 曲折词缀and derivational派生词缀.

Inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or

grammatical categories such as “-s” in the word “books” to indicate plurality of nouns. -(e)s, indicating plurality of nouns.

-(e)s, indicating third person singular, present tense.