python dockerfile_docker官网实例，用Dockerfile构建你的第一个python应用

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-23 10:15:00 发布

谭伯龙

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-23 10:15:00 发布

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文章标签： python dockerfile

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_33563262/article/details/113961298

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#备注：默认读者已经安装好了docker环境

第一步：创建一个应用目录(后面使用该目录为工作目录，存放应用文件以及Dockerfile)：

Python

mkdir /root/docker/lzwtestpython

cd /root/docker/lzwtestpython

mkdir/root/docker/lzwtestpython

cd/root/docker/lzwtestpython

第二步：为容器定义一个Dockerfile：

创建Dockerfile文件：

Python

vi Dockerfile

viDockerfile

输入Dockerfile文件内容：

Python

# Use an official Python runtime as a parent image

FROM python:2.7-slim

# Set the working directory to /app

WORKDIR /app

# Copy the current directory contents into the container at /app

COPY . /app

# Install any needed packages specified in requirements.txt

RUN pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org -r requirements.txt

# Make port 80 available to the world outside this container

EXPOSE 80

# Define environment variable

ENV NAME World

# Run app.py when the container launches

CMD ["python", "app.py"]

# Use an official Python runtime as a parent image

FROMpython:2.7-slim

# Set the working directory to /app

WORKDIR/app

# Copy the current directory contents into the container at /app

COPY./app

# Install any needed packages specified in requirements.txt

RUNpipinstall--trusted-hostpypi.python.org-rrequirements.txt

# Make port 80 available to the world outside this container

EXPOSE80

# Define environment variable

ENVNAMEWorld

# Run app.py when the container launches

CMD["python","app.py"]

在文件内容中，我们可以看到，我们的python文件为app.py，下面我们需要去创建这个文件。一般来说,python项目中会包含一个 requirements.txt 文件,用于记录所有依赖包。

第三步：创建requirements.txt和app.py

创建requirements.txt文件：

Python

vi requirements.txt

virequirements.txt

输入requirements.txt文件内容：

Python

Flask

Redis

Flask

Redis

创建app.py文件：

Python

vi app.py

viapp.py

输入app.py文件内容：

Python

from flask import Flask

from redis import Redis, RedisError

import os

import socket

# Connect to Redis

redis = Redis(host="redis", db=0, socket_connect_timeout=2, socket_timeout=2)

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")

def hello():

try:

visits = redis.incr("counter")

except RedisError:

visits = "cannot connect to Redis, counter disabled"

html = "

Hello {name}!

" \

"Hostname: {hostname}
" \

"Visits: {visits}"

return html.format(name=os.getenv("NAME", "world"), hostname=socket.gethostname(), visits=visits)

if __name__ == "__main__":

app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=80)

fromflaskimportFlask

fromredisimportRedis,RedisError

importos

importsocket

# Connect to Redis

redis=Redis(host="redis",db=0,socket_connect_timeout=2,socket_timeout=2)

app=Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")

defhello():

try:

visits=redis.incr("counter")

exceptRedisError:

visits="cannot connect to Redis, counter disabled"

html="

Hello {name}!

"Hostname: {hostname}
"\

"Visits: {visits}"

returnhtml.format(name=os.getenv("NAME","world"),hostname=socket.gethostname(),visits=visits)

if__name__=="__main__":

app.run(host='0.0.0.0',port=80)

到这里，我们可以发现，我们没有真正的在电脑上安装python,和requirements.txt里提到的flask或者redis。看起来，你并没有搭建好python+flask+redis的环境。但是，通过接下来的步骤，你即将拥有。

第四步：创建应用

检查工作文件夹下的三个文件是否都创建完成，三个文件如下：

Python

$ ls

Dockerfileapp.pyrequirements.txt

$ls

Dockerfileapp.pyrequirements.txt

现在开始运行创建Docker镜像命令，我们加上-t命令来命名，这里我们起一个很友好的名字friendlyhello(^_^)

Python

docker build -t friendlyhello .

dockerbuild-tfriendlyhello.

我们可以看一看执行的命令的回显：

Python

Sending build context to Docker daemon 4.608kB

Step 1/7 : FROM python:2.7-slim

2.7-slim: Pulling from library/python

802b00ed6f79: Pull complete

10b2d5f7ed73: Pull complete

1073a127cf89: Pull complete

90283f3dc1cd: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:0a43a6d7858af4a42427c792b682936d2cd34e183fb026627f53ddb556d4bf62

Status: Downloaded newer image for python:2.7-slim

---> c9cde4658340

Step 2/7 : WORKDIR /app

---> Running in 5b6e0800c538

Removing intermediate container 5b6e0800c538

---> 3ac183b809ce

Step 3/7 : COPY . /app

---> b05ac52c77de

Step 4/7 : RUN pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org -r requirements.txt

---> Running in 58bd2a10311e

Collecting Flask (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))

Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7f/e7/08578774ed4536d3242b14dacb4696386634607af824ea997202cd0edb4b/Flask-1.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (91kB)

Collecting Redis (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))

Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3b/f6/7a76333cf0b9251ecf49efff635015171843d9b977e4ffcf59f9c4428052/redis-2.10.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl (64kB)

Collecting itsdangerous>=0.24 (from Flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1))

Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/dc/b4/a60bcdba945c00f6d608d8975131ab3f25b22f2bcfe1dab221165194b2d4/itsdangerous-0.24.tar.gz (46kB)

Collecting Jinja2>=2.10 (from Flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1))

Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7f/ff/ae64bacdfc95f27a016a7bed8e8686763ba4d277a78ca76f32659220a731/Jinja2-2.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl (126kB)

Collecting Werkzeug>=0.14 (from Flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1))

Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/20/c4/12e3e56473e52375aa29c4764e70d1b8f3efa6682bef8d0aae04fe335243/Werkzeug-0.14.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (322kB)

Collecting click>=5.1 (from Flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1))

Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fa/37/45185cb5abbc30d7257104c434fe0b07e5a195a6847506c074527aa599ec/Click-7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (81kB)

Collecting MarkupSafe>=0.23 (from Jinja2>=2.10->Flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1))

Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4d/de/32d741db316d8fdb7680822dd37001ef7a448255de9699ab4bfcbdf4172b/MarkupSafe-1.0.tar.gz

Building wheels for collected packages: itsdangerous, MarkupSafe

Running setup.py bdist_wheel for itsdangerous: started

Running setup.py bdist_wheel for itsdangerous: finished with status 'done'

Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/2c/4a/61/5599631c1554768c6290b08c02c72d7317910374ca602ff1e5

Running setup.py bdist_wheel for MarkupSafe: started

Running setup.py bdist_wheel for MarkupSafe: finished with status 'done'

Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/33/56/20/ebe49a5c612fffe1c5a632146b16596f9e64676768661e4e46

Successfully built itsdangerous MarkupSafe

Installing collected packages: itsdangerous, MarkupSafe, Jinja2, Werkzeug, click, Flask, Redis

Successfully installed Flask-1.0.2 Jinja2-2.10 MarkupSafe-1.0 Redis-2.10.6 Werkzeug-0.14.1 click-7.0 itsdangerous-0.24

Removing intermediate container 58bd2a10311e

---> 20b7d92b6075

Step 5/7 : EXPOSE 80

---> Running in 45f7bfcee8c8

Removing intermediate container 45f7bfcee8c8

---> 0c99f24bb0ca

Step 6/7 : ENV NAME World

---> Running in 4d192a73ee76

Removing intermediate container 4d192a73ee76

---> da526dcf3514

Step 7/7 : CMD ["python", "app.py"]

---> Running in 50226d88c2d5

Removing intermediate container 50226d88c2d5

---> bb0d475e1b3c

Successfully built bb0d475e1b3c

Successfully tagged friendlyhello:latest

SendingbuildcontexttoDockerdaemon4.608kB

Step1/7:FROMpython:2.7-slim

2.7-slim:Pullingfromlibrary/python

802b00ed6f79:Pullcomplete

10b2d5f7ed73:Pullcomplete

1073a127cf89:Pullcomplete

90283f3dc1cd:Pullcomplete

Digest:sha256:0a43a6d7858af4a42427c792b682936d2cd34e183fb026627f53ddb556d4bf62

Status:Downloadednewerimageforpython:2.7-slim

--->c9cde4658340

Step2/7:WORKDIR/app

--->Runningin5b6e0800c538

Removingintermediatecontainer5b6e0800c538

--->3ac183b809ce

Step3/7:COPY./app

--->b05ac52c77de

Step4/7:RUNpipinstall--trusted-hostpypi.python.org-rrequirements.txt

--->Runningin58bd2a10311e

CollectingFlask(from-rrequirements.txt(line1))

Downloadinghttps://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7f/e7/08578774ed4536d3242b14dacb4696386634607af824ea997202cd0edb4b/Flask-1.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl(91kB)

CollectingRedis(from-rrequirements.txt(line2))

Downloadinghttps://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3b/f6/7a76333cf0b9251ecf49efff635015171843d9b977e4ffcf59f9c4428052/redis-2.10.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl(64kB)

Collectingitsdangerous>=0.24(fromFlask->-rrequirements.txt(line1))

Downloadinghttps://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/dc/b4/a60bcdba945c00f6d608d8975131ab3f25b22f2bcfe1dab221165194b2d4/itsdangerous-0.24.tar.gz(46kB)

CollectingJinja2>=2.10(fromFlask->-rrequirements.txt(line1))

Downloadinghttps://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7f/ff/ae64bacdfc95f27a016a7bed8e8686763ba4d277a78ca76f32659220a731/Jinja2-2.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl(126kB)

CollectingWerkzeug>=0.14(fromFlask->-rrequirements.txt(line1))

Downloadinghttps://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/20/c4/12e3e56473e52375aa29c4764e70d1b8f3efa6682bef8d0aae04fe335243/Werkzeug-0.14.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl(322kB)

Collectingclick>=5.1(fromFlask->-rrequirements.txt(line1))

Downloadinghttps://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fa/37/45185cb5abbc30d7257104c434fe0b07e5a195a6847506c074527aa599ec/Click-7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl(81kB)

CollectingMarkupSafe>=0.23(fromJinja2>=2.10->Flask->-rrequirements.txt(line1))

Downloadinghttps://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4d/de/32d741db316d8fdb7680822dd37001ef7a448255de9699ab4bfcbdf4172b/MarkupSafe-1.0.tar.gz

Buildingwheelsforcollectedpackages:itsdangerous,MarkupSafe

Runningsetup.pybdist_wheelforitsdangerous:started

Runningsetup.pybdist_wheelforitsdangerous:finishedwithstatus'done'

Storedindirectory:/root/.cache/pip/wheels/2c/4a/61/5599631c1554768c6290b08c02c72d7317910374ca602ff1e5

Runningsetup.pybdist_wheelforMarkupSafe:started

Runningsetup.pybdist_wheelforMarkupSafe:finishedwithstatus'done'

Storedindirectory:/root/.cache/pip/wheels/33/56/20/ebe49a5c612fffe1c5a632146b16596f9e64676768661e4e46

SuccessfullybuiltitsdangerousMarkupSafe

Installingcollectedpackages:itsdangerous,MarkupSafe,Jinja2,Werkzeug,click,Flask,Redis

SuccessfullyinstalledFlask-1.0.2Jinja2-2.10MarkupSafe-1.0Redis-2.10.6Werkzeug-0.14.1click-7.0itsdangerous-0.24

Removingintermediatecontainer58bd2a10311e

--->20b7d92b6075

Step5/7:EXPOSE80

--->Runningin45f7bfcee8c8

Removingintermediatecontainer45f7bfcee8c8

--->0c99f24bb0ca

Step6/7:ENVNAMEWorld

--->Runningin4d192a73ee76

Removingintermediatecontainer4d192a73ee76

--->da526dcf3514

Step7/7:CMD["python","app.py"]

--->Runningin50226d88c2d5

Removingintermediatecontainer50226d88c2d5

--->bb0d475e1b3c

Successfullybuiltbb0d475e1b3c

Successfullytaggedfriendlyhello:latest

分析回显，我们可以看到执行的过程有7步：

Python

Step 1/7 : FROM python:2.7-slim

Step 2/7 : WORKDIR /app

Step 3/7 : COPY . /app

Step 4/7 : RUN pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org -r requirements.txt

Step 5/7 : EXPOSE 80

Step 6/7 : ENV NAME World

Step 7/7 : CMD ["python", "app.py"]

Step1/7:FROMpython:2.7-slim

Step2/7:WORKDIR/app

Step3/7:COPY./app

Step4/7:RUNpipinstall--trusted-hostpypi.python.org-rrequirements.txt

Step5/7:EXPOSE80

Step6/7:ENVNAMEWorld

Step7/7:CMD["python","app.py"]

这7步，是在Dockerfile里指定的(所以Dockerfile最关键啊#_#)。

命令执行完后，我们可以输入如下命令来查看本机安装的docker 镜像

Python

$ docker image ls

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID

friendlyhello latest 326387cea398第五步

$dockerimagels

REPOSITORYTAGIMAGEID

friendlyhellolatest326387cea398第五步

第五步：运行应用

运行应用，并且把你物理机(或者云服务器)的4000端口映射到我们容器的80端口，使用-p命令：

Python

docker run -p 4000:80 friendlyhello

dockerrun-p4000:80friendlyhello

哈？你问为什么要这样做？因为你的app.py文件里指的是80端口，如果我们没有使用docker,直接是在自己电脑上运行该python程序，确实可以通过http://0.0.0.0:80进行访问。目前在我们的容器中，确实也是80端口启用了，但是要让我们的其他用户访问这台物理机地址的容器内的python应用，需要把物理机的端口4000与容器的80端口进行映射。现在，请用http://localhost:4000 来检查一下吧

如果你是布置在别的机器上而非本机的话，也可以用地址加端口号的方式来访问。例如http://192.168.99.100:4000/ 或者http://www.yinyubo.cn:4000/

没有浏览器的话，也可以通过curl命令工具来访问

Python

$ curl http://localhost:4000

Hello World!

Hostname: 8fc990912a14 Visits: cannot connect to Redis, counter disabled

$curlhttp://localhost:4000

HelloWorld!

Hostname:8fc990912a14 Visits: cannotconnecttoRedis,counterdisabled

如果你需要关闭docker应用的话，可以用如下方法：

Python

$ docker container ls

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED

1fa4ab2cf395 friendlyhello "python app.py" 28 seconds ago

$dockercontainerls

CONTAINERIDIMAGECOMMANDCREATED

1fa4ab2cf395friendlyhello"python app.py"28secondsago

先获得docker 容器的ID，然后用docker container stop 命令来关闭它，例如：

Python

docker container stop 1fa4ab2cf395

dockercontainerstop1fa4ab2cf395

谭伯龙

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python dockerfile_docker官网实例，用Dockerfile构建你的第一个python应用

#备注：默认读者已经安装好了docker环境第一步：创建一个应用目录(后面使用该目录为工作目录，存放应用文件以及Dockerfile)：Pythonmkdir /root/docker/lzwtestpythoncd /root/docker/lzwtestpython12mkdir/root/docker/lzwtestpythoncd/root/docker/lzwtestpython第二步：...
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