linux uboot启动流程分析,uboot启动流程分析

uboot版本为NXP维护的2016.03版本

下载地址为http://git.freescale.com/git/...

分析uboot的启动流程，需要编译一下uboot，然后打开链接脚本

u-boot.lds

在u-boot.lds中1 OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-littlearm", "elf32-littlearm", "elf32-littlearm")

2 OUTPUT_ARCH(arm)

3 ENTRY(_start)

_start在arch/arm/lib/vectors.S48 _start:

49

50 #ifdef CONFIG_SYS_DV_NOR_BOOT_CFG

51 .word CONFIG_SYS_DV_NOR_BOOT_CFG

52 #endif

53

54 b reset

55 ldr pc, _undefined_instruction

56 ldr pc, _software_interrupt

57 ldr pc, _prefetch_abort

58 ldr pc, _data_abort

59 ldr pc, _not_used

60 ldr pc, _irq

61 ldr pc, _fiq

第54行跳转到reset函数里面，reset在arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start.S32 .globl reset

33 .globl save_boot_params_ret

34

35 reset:

36 /* Allow the board to save important registers */

37 b save_boot_params

38 save_boot_params_ret:

39 /*

40 * disable interrupts (FIQ and IRQ), also set the cpu to SVC32 mode,

41 * except if in HYP mode already

42 */

43 mrs r0, cpsr

44 and r1, r0, #0x1f @ mask mode bits

45 teq r1, #0x1a @ test for HYP mode

46 bicne r0, r0, #0x1f @ clear all mode bits

47 orrne r0, r0, #0x13 @ set SVC mode

48 orr r0, r0, #0xc0 @ disable FIQ and IRQ

49 msr cpsr,r0

......

57 /* Set V=0 in CP15 SCTLR register - for VBAR to point to vector */

58 mrc p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0 @ Read CP15 SCTLR Register

59 bic r0, #CR_V @ V = 0

60 mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0 @ Write CP15 SCTLR Register

61

62 /* Set vector address in CP15 VBAR register */

63 ldr r0, =_start

64 mcr p15, 0, r0, c12, c0, 0 @Set VBAR

65 #endif

66

67 /* the mask ROM code should have PLL and others stable */

68 #ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT

69 bl cpu_init_cp15

70 bl cpu_init_crit

71 #endif

72

73 bl _main

第38行save_boot_params_ret函数实现以下功能：

43-49行将处理器设置SVC模式，并且关闭FIQ和IRQ

57-64行设置向量表重定位

第69行cpu_init_cp15函数初始化cp15，关闭mmu及tlb

第70行cpu_init_crit函数， 调用lowlevel_init函数，lowlevel_init在ocram中初始化sp然后调用s_init函数，如果CPU 为 MX6SX、MX6UL、MX6ULL 或MX6SLL中的任意一种，那么s_init为空函数。(为什么初始化sp？因为存在函数嵌套，只有一个lr寄存器)

接下来，分析_main函数。_main在arch/arm/lib/crt0.S67 ENTRY(_main)

68

69 /*

70 * Set up initial C runtime environment and call board_init_f(0).

71 */

72

73 #if defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD) && defined(CONFIG_SPL_STACK)

74 ldr sp, =(CONFIG_SPL_STACK)

75 #else

76 ldr sp, =(CONFIG_SYS_INIT_SP_ADDR)

77 #endif

78 #if defined(CONFIG_CPU_V7M) /* v7M forbids using SP as BIC destination */

79 mov r3, sp

80 bic r3, r3, #7

81 mov sp, r3

82 #else

83 bic sp, sp, #7 /* 8-byte alignment for ABI compliance */

84 #endif

85 mov r0, sp

86 bl board_init_f_alloc_reserve

87 mov sp, r0

88 /* set up gd here, outside any C code */

89 mov r9, r0

90 bl board_init_f_init_reserve

91

92 mov r0, #0

93 bl board_init_f

94

95 #if ! defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD)

96

97 /*

98 * Set up intermediate environment (new sp and gd) and call

99 * relocate_code(addr_moni). Trick here is that we'll return

100 * 'here' but relocated.

101 */

102

103 ldr sp, [r9, #GD_START_ADDR_SP] /* sp = gd->start_addr_sp */

104#if defined(CONFIG_CPU_V7M) /* v7M forbids using SP as BIC destination */

105 mov r3, sp

106 bic r3, r3, #7

107 mov sp, r3

108#else

109 bic sp, sp, #7 /* 8-byte alignment for ABI compliance */

110#endif

111 ldr r9, [r9, #GD_BD] /* r9 = gd->bd */

112 sub r9, r9, #GD_SIZE /* new GD is below bd */

113

114 adr lr, here

115 ldr r0, [r9, #GD_RELOC_OFF] /* r0 = gd->reloc_off */

116 add lr, lr, r0

117#if defined(CONFIG_CPU_V7M)

118 orr lr, #1 /* As required by Thumb-only */

119#endif

120 ldr r0, [r9, #GD_RELOCADDR] /* r0 = gd->relocaddr */

121 b relocate_code

122here:

123/*

124 * now relocate vectors

125 */

126

127 bl relocate_vectors

128

129/* Set up final (full) environment */

130

131 bl c_runtime_cpu_setup /* we still call old routine here */

132#endif

133#if !defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD) || defined(CONFIG_SPL_FRAMEWORK)

134# ifdef CONFIG_SPL_BUILD

135 /* Use a DRAM stack for the rest of SPL, if requested */

136 bl spl_relocate_stack_gd

137 cmp r0, #0

138 movne sp, r0

139 movne r9, r0

140# endif

141 ldr r0, =__bss_start /* this is auto-relocated! */

142

143#ifdef CONFIG_USE_ARCH_MEMSET

144 ldr r3, =__bss_end /* this is auto-relocated! */

145 mov r1, #0x00000000 /* prepare zero to clear BSS */

146

147 subs r2, r3, r0 /* r2 = memset len */

148 bl memset

149#else

150 ldr r1, =__bss_end /* this is auto-relocated! */

151 mov r2, #0x00000000 /* prepare zero to clear BSS */

152

153clbss_l:cmp r0, r1 /* while not at end of BSS */

154#if defined(CONFIG_CPU_V7M)

155 itt lo

156#endif

157 strlo r2, [r0] /* clear 32-bit BSS word */

158 addlo r0, r0, #4 /* move to next */

159 blo clbss_l

160#endif

161

162#if ! defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD)

163 bl coloured_LED_init

164 bl red_led_on

165#endif

166 /* call board_init_r(gd_t *id, ulong dest_addr) */

167 mov r0, r9 /* gd_t */

168 ldr r1, [r9, #GD_RELOCADDR] /* dest_addr */

169 /* call board_init_r */

170#if defined(CONFIG_SYS_THUMB_BUILD)

171 ldr lr, =board_init_r /* this is auto-relocated! */

172 bx lr

173#else

174 ldr pc, =board_init_r /* this is auto-relocated! */

175#endif

176 /* we should not return here. */

177#endif

178

179ENDPROC(_main)

第76行，设置sp指向0X0091FF00

第85行，读取sp到寄存器r0里面，此时r0=0X0091FF00

第86行，调用函数board_init_f_alloc_reserve，此函数参数为r0中的值，也就是0X0091FF00，此函数定义在common/init/board_init.c56 ulong board_init_f_alloc_reserve(ulong top)

57 {

58 /* Reserve early malloc arena */

59 #if defined(CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_F)

60 top -= CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_F_LEN;

61 #endif

62 /* LAST : reserve GD (rounded up to a multiple of 16 bytes) */

63 top = rounddown(top-sizeof(struct global_data), 16);

64

65 return top;

66 }

函数board_init_f_alloc_reserve主要是留出早期的malloc内存区域和gd内存区域，ocram分布图如下：

接着分析_main函数

第87行，r0保存着函数board_init_f_alloc_reserve的返回值，所以sp=0X0091FA00

第89行，r9寄存器存放着全局变量gd的地址，gd为gd_t结构体变量include/asm-generic/global_data.h定义gd_t结构体27 typedef struct global_data {

28 bd_t *bd;

29 unsigned long flags;

30 unsigned int baudrate;

31 unsigned long cpu_clk; /* CPU clock in Hz! */

32 unsigned long bus_clk;

33 /* We cannot bracket this with CONFIG_PCI due to mpc5xxx */

34 unsigned long pci_clk;

35 unsigned long mem_clk;

36 #if defined(CONFIG_LCD) || defined(CONFIG_VIDEO)

37 unsigned long fb_base; /* Base address of framebuffer mem */

38 #endif

......

121 #ifdef CONFIG_DM_VIDEO

122 ulong video_top; /* Top of video frame buffer area */

123 ulong video_bottom; /* Bottom of video frame buffer area */

124 #endif

125 } gd_t;

gd保存着系统初始化参数

所以，第89行设置gd指向0X0091FA00

接着分析_main函数

第90行，调用函数board_init_f_init_reserve，此函数定义在common/init/board_init.c110 void board_init_f_init_reserve(ulong base)

111 {

112 struct global_data *gd_ptr;

113 #ifndef _USE_MEMCPY

114 int *ptr;

115 #endif

116

117 /*

118 * clear GD entirely and set it up.

119 * Use gd_ptr, as gd may not be properly set yet.

120 */

121

122 gd_ptr = (struct global_data *)base;

123 /* zero the area */

124 #ifdef _USE_MEMCPY

125 memset(gd_ptr, '\0', sizeof(*gd));

126 #else

127 for (ptr = (int *)gd_ptr; ptr < (int *)(gd_ptr + 1); )

128 *ptr++ = 0;

129 #endif

130 /* set GD unless architecture did it already */

131 #if !defined(CONFIG_ARM)

132 arch_setup_gd(gd_ptr);

133 #endif

134 /* next alloc will be higher by one GD plus 16-byte alignment */

135 base += roundup(sizeof(struct global_data), 16);

136

137 /*

138 * record early malloc arena start.

139 * Use gd as it is now properly set for all architectures.

140 */

141

142 #if defined(CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_F)

143 /* go down one 'early malloc arena' */

144 gd->malloc_base = base;

145 /* next alloc will be higher by one 'early malloc arena' size */

146 base += CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_F_LEN;

147 #endif

148 }

此函数将gd清零，gd->malloc_base=0X0091FB00

接着分析_main函数

第93行，调用board_init_f函数，此函数定义在文件 common/board_f.c，主要用来初始化DDR，定时器，完成代码拷贝1035 void board_init_f(ulong boot_flags)

1036 {

1037 #ifdef CONFIG_SYS_GENERIC_GLOBAL_DATA

1038 /*

1039 * For some archtectures, global data is initialized and used

1040 * before calling this function. The data should be preserved.

1041 * For others, CONFIG_SYS_GENERIC_GLOBAL_DATA should be defined

1042 * and use the stack here to host global data until relocation.

1043 */

1044 gd_t data;

1045

1046 gd = &data;

1047

1048 /*

1049 * Clear global data before it is accessed at debug print

1050 * in initcall_run_list. Otherwise the debug print probably

1051 * get the wrong vaule of gd->have_console.

1052 */

1053 zero_global_data();

1054 #endif

1055

1056 gd->flags = boot_flags;

1057 gd->have_console = 0;

1058

1059 if (initcall_run_list(init_sequence_f))

1060 hang();

1061

1062 #if !defined(CONFIG_ARM) && !defined(CONFIG_SANDBOX) && \

1063 !defined(CONFIG_EFI_APP)

1064 /* NOTREACHED - jump_to_copy() does not return */

1065 hang();

1066 #endif

1067 }

第1059行，通过函数initcall_run_list来运行初始化序列 init_sequence_f里面的一系列函数，init_sequence_f里面包含了一系列的初始化函数，最终，内存分配如图：

接着分析_main函数

第103行，sp=gd->start_addr_sp=0X9EF44E90

第 121 行，调用函数relocate_code，此函数定义在文件arch/arm/lib/relocate.S

拷贝uboot到DDR79 ENTRY(relocate_code)

80 ldr r1, =__image_copy_start /* r1

81 subs r4, r0, r1 /* r4

82 beq relocate_done /* skip relocation */

83 ldr r2, =__image_copy_end /* r2

84

85 copy_loop:

86 ldmia r1!, {r10-r11} /* copy from source address [r1] */

87 stmia r0!, {r10-r11} /* copy to target address [r0] */

88 cmp r1, r2 /* until source end address [r2] */

89 blo copy_loop

90

91 /*

92 * fix .rel.dyn relocations

93 */

94 ldr r2, =__rel_dyn_start /* r2

95 ldr r3, =__rel_dyn_end /* r3

96 fixloop:

97 ldmia r2!, {r0-r1} /* (r0,r1)

98 and r1, r1, #0xff

99 cmp r1, #23 /* relative fixup? */

100 bne fixnext

101

102 /* relative fix: increase location by offset */

103 add r0, r0, r4

104 ldr r1, [r0]

105 add r1, r1, r4

106 str r1, [r0]

107 fixnext:

108 cmp r2, r3

109 blo fixloop

110

111 relocate_done:

112

113 #ifdef __XSCALE__

114 /*

115 * On xscale, icache must be invalidated and write buffers

116 * drained, even with cache disabled - 4.2.7 of xscale core

117 developer's manual */

118 mcr p15, 0, r0, c7, c7, 0 /* invalidate icache */

119 mcr p15, 0, r0, c7, c10, 4 /* drain write buffer */

120 #endif

121

122 /* ARMv4- don't know bx lr but the assembler fails to see that */

123

124 #ifdef __ARM_ARCH_4__

125 mov pc, lr

126 #else

127 bx lr

128 #endif

129

130 ENDPROC(relocate_code)

接着分析_main函数

第 127 行，调用函数relocate_vectors，对中断向量表做重定位，此函数定义在文件arch/arm/lib/relocate.S

重定位向量表27 ENTRY(relocate_vectors)

28

29 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_V7M

30 /*

31 * On ARMv7-M we only have to write the new vector address

32 * to VTOR register.

33 */

34 ldr r0, [r9, #GD_RELOCADDR] /* r0 = gd->relocaddr */

35 ldr r1, =V7M_SCB_BASE

36 str r0, [r1, V7M_SCB_VTOR]

37 #else

38 #ifdef CONFIG_HAS_VBAR

39 /*

40 * If the ARM processor has the security extensions,

41 * use VBAR to relocate the exception vectors.

42 */

43 ldr r0, [r9, #GD_RELOCADDR] /* r0 = gd->relocaddr */

44 mcr p15, 0, r0, c12, c0, 0 /* Set VBAR */

45 #else

46 /*

47 * Copy the relocated exception vectors to the

48 * correct address

49 * CP15 c1 V bit gives us the location of the vectors:

50 * 0x00000000 or 0xFFFF0000.

51 */

52 ldr r0, [r9, #GD_RELOCADDR] /* r0 = gd->relocaddr */

53 mrc p15, 0, r2, c1, c0, 0 /* V bit (bit[13]) in CP15 c1 */

54 ands r2, r2, #(1 << 13)

55 ldreq r1, =0x00000000 /* If V=0 */

56 ldrne r1, =0xFFFF0000 /* If V=1 */

57 ldmia r0!, {r2-r8,r10}

58 stmia r1!, {r2-r8,r10}

59 ldmia r0!, {r2-r8,r10}

60 stmia r1!, {r2-r8,r10}

61 #endif

62 #endif

63 bx lr

64

65 ENDPROC(relocate_vectors)

接着分析_main函数

第 131 行，调用函数c_runtime_cpu_setup，此函数定义在文件 arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start.S77 ENTRY(c_runtime_cpu_setup)

78 /*

79 * If I-cache is enabled invalidate it

80 */

81 #ifndef CONFIG_SYS_ICACHE_OFF

82 mcr p15, 0, r0, c7, c5, 0 @ invalidate icache

83 mcr p15, 0, r0, c7, c10, 4 @ DSB

84 mcr p15, 0, r0, c7, c5, 4 @ ISB

85 #endif

86

87 bx lr

88

89 ENDPROC(c_runtime_cpu_setup)

接着分析_main函数

第 141~159 行，清除 BSS 段

第 174 行、调用函数board_init_r，此函数定义在文件 common/board_r.c

board_init_f函数调用一系列的函数来初始化一些外

设和 gd 的成员变量，但是 board_init_f 并没有初始化所有的外设，还需要做一些后续工作，这些后续工作就是由函数board_init_r来完成的。991 void board_init_r(gd_t *new_gd, ulong dest_addr)

992 {

993 #ifdef CONFIG_NEEDS_MANUAL_RELOC

994 int i;

995 #endif

996

997 #ifdef CONFIG_AVR32

998 mmu_init_r(dest_addr);

999 #endif

1000

1001 #if !defined(CONFIG_X86) && !defined(CONFIG_ARM)

&& !defined(CONFIG_ARM64)

1002 gd = new_gd;

1003 #endif

1004

1005 #ifdef CONFIG_NEEDS_MANUAL_RELOC

1006 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(init_sequence_r); i++)

1007 init_sequence_r[i] += gd->reloc_off;

1008 #endif

1009

1010 if (initcall_run_list(init_sequence_r))

1011 hang();

1012

1013 /* NOTREACHED - run_main_loop() does not return */

1014 hang();

1015 }

第1010行调用initcall_run_list函数来执行初始化序列 init_sequence_r，init_sequence_r是一个函数集合，定义如下：1 init_fnc_t init_sequence_r[] = {

2 initr_trace,

3 initr_reloc,

4 initr_caches,

5 initr_reloc_global_data,

6 initr_barrier,

7 initr_malloc,

8 initr_console_record,

9 bootstage_relocate,

10 initr_bootstage,

11 board_init, /* Setup chipselects */

12 stdio_init_tables,

13 initr_serial,

14 initr_announce,

15 INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET

16 INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET

17 INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET

18 power_init_board,

19 initr_flash,

20 INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET

21 initr_nand,

22 initr_mmc,

23 initr_env,

24 INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET

25 initr_secondary_cpu,

26 INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET

27 stdio_add_devices,

28 initr_jumptable,

29 console_init_r, /* fully init console as a device */

30 INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET

31 interrupt_init,

32 initr_enable_interrupts,

33 initr_ethaddr,

34 board_late_init,

35 INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET

36 INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET

37 INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET

38 initr_net,

39 INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET

40 run_main_loop,

41 };

第40行，run_main_loop函数，定义在common/board_r.c中：753 static int run_main_loop(void)

754 {

755 #ifdef CONFIG_SANDBOX

756 sandbox_main_loop_init();

757 #endif

758 /* main_loop() can return to retry autoboot, if so just run it

again */

759 for (;;)

760 main_loop();

761 return 0;

762 }

第760行，main_loop函数，定义在common/main.c：43 /* We come here after U-Boot is initialised and ready to process

commands */

44 void main_loop(void)

45 {

46 const char *s;

47

48 bootstage_mark_name(BOOTSTAGE_ID_MAIN_LOOP, "main_loop");

49

50 #ifndef CONFIG_SYS_GENERIC_BOARD

51 puts("Warning: Your board does not use generic board. Please

read\n");

52 puts("doc/README.generic-board and take action. Boards not\n");

53 puts("upgraded by the late 2014 may break or be removed.\n");

54 #endif

55

56 #ifdef CONFIG_VERSION_VARIABLE

57 setenv("ver", version_string); /* set version variable */

58 #endif /* CONFIG_VERSION_VARIABLE */

59

60 cli_init();

61

62 run_preboot_environment_command();

63

64 #if defined(CONFIG_UPDATE_TFTP)

65 update_tftp(0UL, NULL, NULL);

66 #endif /* CONFIG_UPDATE_TFTP */

67

68 s = bootdelay_process();

69 if (cli_process_fdt(&s))

70 cli_secure_boot_cmd(s);

71

72 autoboot_command(s);

73

74 cli_loop();

75 }

第48行，调用`bootstage_mark_name函数，打印出启动进度

第72行，autoboot_command函数，定义在common/autoboot.c，检查倒计时是否结束？倒计时结束之前有没有被打断？380 void autoboot_command(const char *s)

381 {

382 debug("### main_loop: bootcmd=\"%s\"\n", s ? s : "");

383

384 if (stored_bootdelay != -1 && s && !abortboot(stored_bootdelay))

{

385 #if defined(CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_KEYED)

&& !defined(CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_KEYED_CTRLC)

386 int prev = disable_ctrlc(1); /* disable Control C checking

*/

387 #endif

388

389 run_command_list(s, -1, 0);

390

391 #if defined(CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_KEYED)

&& !defined(CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_KEYED_CTRLC)

392 disable_ctrlc(prev); /* restore Control C checking */

393 #endif

394 }

395

396 #ifdef CONFIG_MENUKEY

397 if (menukey == CONFIG_MENUKEY) {

398 s = getenv("menucmd");

399 if (s)

400 run_command_list(s, -1, 0);

401 }

402 #endif /* CONFIG_MENUKEY */

403 }

第400行，如果倒计时自然结束那么久执行函数run_command_list，此函数为执行环境变量bootcmd的命令。

如果倒计时结束之前按下按键，那么就执行main_loop函数中第74行的cli_loop函数，此函数为命令处理函数。

综上，整理下uboot启动流程