1.工作原理图
主从复制的原理:
分为同步复制和异步复制,实际复制架构中大部分为异步复制。复制的基本过程如下:
.slave上面的IO进程连接上master,并请求从指定日志文件的指定位置(或者从最开始的日志)之后的日志内容;
.master接收到来自slave的IO进程的请求后,通过负责复制的IO进程根据请求信息读取制定日志指定位置之后的日志信息,返回给slave的IO进程。返回信息中除了日志所包含的信息之外,还包括本次返回的信息已经到master端的bin-log文件的名称以及bin-log的位置;
.slave的IO进程接收到信息后,将接收到的日志内容依次添加到slave端的relay-log文件的最末端,并将读取到的master端的 bin-log的文件名和位置记录到master-info文件中,以便在下一次读取的时候能够清楚的告诉master“我需要从某个bin-log的哪个位置开始往后的日志内容,”请发给我”;
.slave的sql进程检测到relay-log中新增加了内容后,会马上解析relay-log的内容成为在master端真实执行时候的那些可执行的内容,并在自身执行。
2.安装mysql 5.6.4配置主从
环境:操作系统:CentOs7.7 X86_64内核:3.10
主服务器master:192.168.0.2
从服务器slave: 192.168.0.3
2.1、分别在主从服务器安装mysql
安装脚本提前编写为脚本运行即可
bash mysql_install
...........
安装完毕后。。。。。
chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql
2.2、执行安全配置引导
安装完mysql-server会提示可以运行mysql_secure_installation。运行mysql_secure_installation会执行几个设置:【主、从服务器都必须要执行安全引导配置】
a)为root用户设置密码【生产环境root密码】
b)删除匿名账号【Y】
c)取消root用户远程登录【n】
d)删除test库和对test库的访问权限【Y】
e)刷新授权表使修改生效【Y】
通过这几项的设置能够提高mysql库的安全。建议生产环境中mysql安装这完成后一定要运行一次mysql_secure_installation,详细步骤请参看下面的命令:
复制代码代码如下:
[root@mysqldb ~]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTs OF THIs sCRIPT Is RECOmmENDED FOR ALL mysQL
sERVERs IN PRODUCTION UsE! PLEAsE READ EACH sTEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into mysQL to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed mysQL, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on…
setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the mysQL
root user without the proper authorisation.
set root password? [Y/n]
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
… success!
By default, a mysQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into mysQL without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]
… success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]
… success!
By default, mysQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]
- Dropping test database…
… success!
- Removing privileges on test database…
… success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]
… success!
Cleaning up…
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your mysQL
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using mysQL!
[root@mysqldb ~]#
2.3、配置mysql主从
#如果我们是新装数据库服务器直接进行主从配置,不需要进行数据同步,如果是新增一台从服务器或者是从服务器 slave_sql 为no 数据比对大小不一致时,请执行以下操作:
#新装的服务器执行以下操作
2.2.1修改主服务器master
#cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf_
#vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin //[必须]启用二进制日志
server-id=1 //[必须]服务器唯一ID,默认是1,
2.2.2修改从服务器slave
#cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf_
#vi /etc/my.cnf [mysql
d] log-bin=mysql-bin //[不是必须]启用二进制日志
server-id=2 //[必须]服务器唯一ID,默认是2,
2.4、重启两台服务器的mysql
systemctl restart mysqld
2.5、在主服务器上建立帐户并授权slave
mysql -uroot -p
mysql>GRANT REPLICATION sLAVE ON *.* to 'slave'@'192.168.0.3' identified by 'tide123456';
#ip地址为slave ip
2.6、登录主服务器的mysql,查询master的状态
2.8、配置从服务器slave;
mysql>change master to master_host='192.168.0.2',master_user='slave',master_password='tide123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000004',master_log_pos=308;
//注意不要断开,308数字前后无单引号。
mysql>start slave; //启动从服务器复制功能
2.9、检查从服务器复制功能状态:
mysql> show slave status\G;
注:slave_IO及slave_sQL进程必须正常运行,即YEs状态,否则都是错误的状态(如:其中一个NO均属错误)。以上操作过程,主从服务器配置完成。