java动态加载和静态_JAVA类的静态加载和动态加载以及NoClassDefFoundError和ClassNotFoundException...

JAVA代码如下:

[java]

package com.test1;

public class ReferencedCls {

private String str = "test value";

public String getStr() {

return str;

}

public void setStr(String str) {

this.str = str;

}

public ReferencedCls() {

System.out.println("Constructor: ReferencedCls");

}

}

package com.test2;

import com.test1.ReferencedCls;

public class StaticReferencingCls {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("Started testing static loading...............");

ReferencedCls cls = new ReferencedCls();

System.out.println(cls.getStr());

}

}

package com.test2;

import com.test1.ReferencedCls;

public class DynamicReferencingCls {

public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {

System.out.println("Started testing dynamic loading...............");

Class cls = Class.forName("com.test1.ReferencedCls");

ReferencedCls obj = (ReferencedCls)cls.newInstance();

System.out.println(obj.getStr());

}

}

以不同的方式运行:

1,在运行环境中能找到需要的类时,都正常运行

[java]

D:\>java -cp d:/temp/t1.jar;d:/temp/t2.jar com.test2.StaticReferencingCls

Started testing static loading...............

Constructor: ReferencedCls

test value

D:\>java -cp d:/temp/t1.jar;d:/temp/t2.jar com.test2.DynamicReferencingCls

Started testing dynamic loading...............

Constructor: ReferencedCls

test value

2,以静态方式加载,运行环境缺失需要的类,抛出NoClassDefFoundError

[java]

D:\>java -cp d:/temp/t2.jar com.test2.StaticReferencingCls

Started testing static loading...............

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/test1/ReferencedCls

at com.test2.StaticReferencingCls.main(StaticReferencingCls.java:9)

Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.test1.ReferencedCls

at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)

at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)

at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)

at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)

at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)

at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)

at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(Unknown Source)

... 1 more

3,以动态方式加载,运行环境缺失需要的类,抛出ClassNotFoundException,同时在写代码的时候也需要catch这个异常或者声明这个异常.

[java]

D:\>java -cp d:/temp/t2.jar com.test2.DynamicReferencingCls

Started testing dynamic loading...............

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.test1.ReferencedCls

at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)

at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)

at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)

at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)

at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)

at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)

at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(Unknown Source)

at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)

at java.lang.Class.forName(Unknown Source)

at com.test2.DynamicReferencingCls.main(DynamicReferencingCls.java:11)

4,JVM本身使用的方式也是静态加载,如用JAVA命令运行一个带main方法的类,这个类在运行环境缺失.

[java]

D:\>java com.test2.XXXCls

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/test2/XXXCls

Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.test2.XXXCls

at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)

at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)

at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)

at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)

at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)

at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)

at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(Unknown Source)

Could not find the main class: com.test2.XXXCls.  Program will exit.