Builder Pattern (创建对象)

Builder Pattern，将一个复杂对象的构建和它的表现分离，使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。

The Builder design pattern is a creational design pattern, designed to provide a flexible design solution to various object creation problems in Object-Oriented software. The intent of the Builder design pattern is to separate the construction of a complex object from its representation. It is one of the GoF design patterns.

The Builder design pattern solves problems like:

1、How can a class (the same construction process) create different representations of a complex object?

2、How can a class that includes creating a complex object be simplified?

参考

Java创建对象（重叠构造器模式，javaBean模式，Builder模式）

Java build模式

在构造过程中JavaBeans可能处于不一致的状态

创建对象的方式

1、构造器模式

参数较多时，代码难看，可读性差。

2、javabean 模式

通过构造器，生成对象，后面根据 set 方法来给对象赋值。 容易造成线程不安全，对象处于不一致状态。类无法仅仅通过检验构造器参数的有效性来保证一致性。

3、build 模式

调用构造器生成 build 对象，然后在 build 对象上类似 set 方法来设置每个相关的可选参数；最后调用 build() 方法生成不可变的对象。

DataSourceBuilder 实例

public class DataSourceBuilder {

	private static final String[] DATA_SOURCE_TYPE_NAMES = new String[] {
			"org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource",
			"com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource",
			"org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource", // deprecated
			"org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource" };

	private Class<? extends DataSource> type;

	private ClassLoader classLoader;

	private Map<String, String> properties = new HashMap<String, String>();

	public static DataSourceBuilder create() {
		return new DataSourceBuilder(null);
	}

	public static DataSourceBuilder create(ClassLoader classLoader) {
		return new DataSourceBuilder(classLoader);
	}

	public DataSourceBuilder(ClassLoader classLoader) {
		this.classLoader = classLoader;
	}

	public DataSource build() {
		Class<? extends DataSource> type = getType();
		DataSource result = BeanUtils.instantiate(type);
		maybeGetDriverClassName();
		bind(result);
		return result;
	}

	private void maybeGetDriverClassName() {
		if (!this.properties.containsKey("driverClassName")
				&& this.properties.containsKey("url")) {
			String url = this.properties.get("url");
			String driverClass = DatabaseDriver.fromJdbcUrl(url).getDriverClassName();
			this.properties.put("driverClassName", driverClass);
		}
	}

	private void bind(DataSource result) {
		MutablePropertyValues properties = new MutablePropertyValues(this.properties);
		new RelaxedDataBinder(result).withAlias("url", "jdbcUrl")
				.withAlias("username", "user").bind(properties);
	}

	public DataSourceBuilder type(Class<? extends DataSource> type) {
		this.type = type;
		return this;
	}

	public DataSourceBuilder url(String url) {
		this.properties.put("url", url);
		return this;
	}

	public DataSourceBuilder driverClassName(String driverClassName) {
		this.properties.put("driverClassName", driverClassName);
		return this;
	}

	public DataSourceBuilder username(String username) {
		this.properties.put("username", username);
		return this;
	}

	public DataSourceBuilder password(String password) {
		this.properties.put("password", password);
		return this;
	}

	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public Class<? extends DataSource> findType() {
		if (this.type != null) {
			return this.type;
		}
		for (String name : DATA_SOURCE_TYPE_NAMES) {
			try {
				return (Class<? extends DataSource>) ClassUtils.forName(name,
						this.classLoader);
			}
			catch (Exception ex) {
				// Swallow and continue
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	private Class<? extends DataSource> getType() {
		Class<? extends DataSource> type = findType();
		if (type != null) {
			return type;
		}
		throw new IllegalStateException("No supported DataSource type found");
	}

}

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初始化代码：

DataSourceBuilder.create()
                .url("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=true&allowMultiQueries=true")
                .username("root")
                .password("root")
                .driverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver")
                .build());
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