SQL SERVER 2000中异常处理:
CREATE PROC usp_AccountTransaction
@AccountNum INT,
@Amount DECIMAL
AS
BEGIN
BEGIN TRANSACTION --beginning a transaction..
UPDATE MyChecking SET Amount = Amount - @Amount
WHERE AccountNum = @AccountNum
IF @@ERROR != 0 --check @@ERROR variable after each DML statements..
BEGIN
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION --RollBack Transaction if Error..
RETURN
END
ELSE
BEGIN
UPDATE MySavings SET Amount = Amount + @Amount
WHERE AccountNum = @AccountNum
IF @@ERROR != 0 --check @@ERROR variable after each DML statements..
BEGIN
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION --RollBack Transaction if Error..
RETURN
END
ELSE
BEGIN
COMMIT TRANSACTION --finally, Commit the transaction if Success..
RETURN
END
END
END
GO
上面是Sql server 2000的一个存储过程,在每个数据库操作之后立即必须检查@@ERROR ,进行Commit / RollBack该事务.
Sql server 2000中监测错误,只能通过监测全局遍历 @@ERROR.由于@@ERROR会被下一个数据库操作所覆盖. 所以在每次操作完后必须立即监测.
SQL SERVER 2005中异常处理:
TRY...CATCH是SQL Server 2005提供的更具有可读性的语法.每个开发人员都熟悉这种写法.SQL Server 2005仍然支持@@ERROR这种用法.
BEGIN
TRY
Try Statement 1
Try Statement 2
...
Try Statement M
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
Catch Statement 1
Catch Statement 2
...
Catch Statement N
END CATCH
2.获得错误信息的函数表:
下面系统函数在CATCH块有效.可以用来得到更多的错误信息:
函数 | 描述 |
---|---|
ERROR_NUMBER() | 返回导致运行 CATCH 块的错误消息的错误号。 |
ERROR_SEVERITY() | 返回导致 CATCH 块运行的错误消息的严重级别 |
ERROR_STATE() | 返回导致 CATCH 块运行的错误消息的状态号 |
ERROR_PROCEDURE() | 返回出现错误的存储过程名称 |
ERROR_LINE() | 返回发生错误的行号 |
ERROR_MESSAGE() | 返回导致 CATCH 块运行的错误消息的完整文本 |
简单示例:
BEGIN TRY
SELECT GETDATE()
SELECT 1/0--Evergreen divide by zero example!
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
SELECT 'There was an error! ' + ERROR_MESSAGE()
RETURN
END CATCH;
3.try catch回滚/提交事务的示例
ALTER PROC usp_AccountTransaction
@AccountNum INT,
@Amount DECIMAL
AS
BEGIN
BEGIN TRY --Start the Try Block..
BEGIN TRANSACTION -- Start the transaction..
UPDATE MyChecking SET Amount = Amount - @Amount
WHERE AccountNum = @AccountNum
UPDATE MySavings SET Amount = Amount + @Amount
WHERE AccountNum = @AccountNum
COMMIT TRAN -- Transaction Success!
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
IF @@TRANCOUNT > 0
ROLLBACK TRAN --RollBack in case of Error
-- you can Raise ERROR with RAISEERROR() Statement including the details of the exception
RAISERROR(ERROR_MESSAGE(), ERROR_SEVERITY(), 1)
END CATCH
END
GO