转载请注明出处:
http://www.cnblogs.com/darkknightzh/p/6135514.html
参考网址:
https://docs.python.org/2/library/ctypes.html——ctypes的官方文档
http://eli.thegreenplace.net/2008/08/31/ctypes-calling-cc-code-from-python/——提供了一个不涉及类的例子
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/145270/calling-c-c-from-python——建议使用ctypes,并提供了一个简单的例子
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7142169/pils-image-frombuffer-expected-data-length-when-using-ctypes-array——提供了HYRY直接使用c_ubyte进行处理的例子
import Image from ctypes import c_ubyte, cast, POINTER buf = (c_ubyte * 400)() pbuf = cast(buf, POINTER(c_ubyte)) pbuf2 = cast(pbuf, POINTER(c_ubyte*400))
buf is an ubyte array, pbuf is a pointer to ubyte, pbuf2 is a pointer to ubyte[400]. img1 is created from buf directly, img2 is created from pubf2.contents.
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-10/44838.htm——传结构体的简单例子
一 传简单的指针:
具体步骤:
1. 新建mathBuf.cpp:
#include <iostream> #include "subBuf.h" extern "C" { int addBuf(char* data, int num, char* outData); subBuf* subBuf_new(){ return new subBuf(); } int subBuf_sub(subBuf* subfuf, char* data, int num, char* outData){ subfuf->cursubBuf(data, num, outData); } } int addBuf(char* data, int num, char* outData) { for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i) { outData[i] = data[i] + 3; } return num; }
2. 新建subBuf.h:
#include <iostream> class subBuf{ public: subBuf(){} int cursubBuf(char* data, int num, char* outData) { for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i) { outData[i] = data[i] - 5; } return num; } };
3. 终端中输入如下命令,生成libmathBuf.so:
g++ -std=c++11 -shared -fPIC -o libmathBuf.so mathBuf.cpp
4. 新建test.py:
from ctypes import * # cdll, c_int lib = cdll.LoadLibrary('libmathBuf.so') class callsubBuf(object): def __init__(self): self.obj = lib.subBuf_new() def callcursubBuf(self, data, num, outData): lib.subBuf_sub(self.obj, data, num, outData) callAddBuf = lib.addBuf num = 4 numbytes = c_int(num) data_in = (c_byte * num)() for i in range(num): data_in[i] = i print("initial input data buf:") for i in range(num): print(data_in[i]) #pdata_in = cast(data_in, POINTER(c_ubyte)) #pdata_in2 = cast(pdata_in, POINTER(c_ubyte*num)) data_out = (c_byte * num)() ret = callAddBuf(data_in, numbytes, data_out) print("after call addBuf with C, output buf:") for i in range(num): print(data_out[i]) f = callsubBuf() f.callcursubBuf(data_in, numbytes, data_out) print("after call cursubBuf with C++ class, output buf:") for i in range(num): print(data_out[i])
5. 运行test.py,输出如下:
说明:
1) test.py如果使用c_byte,则对应C中的unsigned char。
2) 程序使用了2个文件,subBuf.h和mathBuf.cpp。实际上可以使用一个文件,但是class要在extern "C"的上面,否则即便声明了class subBuf,也会提示invalid use of incomplete type ‘class subBuf’:
3) addSub函数的实现要在extern "C"的下面,否则会提示error: conflicting declaration of XXX with ‘C’ linkage:
4) ctypes中对应的c和python类型如下(具体参见ctypes的官方文档):
ctypes type | C type | Python type |
c_bool | _Bool | bool (*) |
c_char | char | 1-character string |
c_wchar | wchar_t | 1-character unicode string |
c_byte | char | int/long |
c_ubyte | unsigned char | int/long |
c_short | short | int/long |
c_ushort | unsigned short | int/long |
c_int | int | int/long |
c_uint | unsigned int | int/long |
c_long | long | int/long |
c_ulong | unsigned long | int/long |
c_longlong | __int64 or long long | int/long |
c_ulonglong | unsigned __int64 or unsigned long long | int/long |
c_float | float | float |
c_double | double | float |
c_longdouble | long double | float |
c_char_p | char * (NUL terminated) | string or None |
c_wchar_p | wchar_t * (NUL terminated) | unicode or None |
c_void_p | void * | int/long or None |
*. The constructor accepts any object with a truth value.
5) 除此之外:
http://blog.csdn.net/tobacco5648/article/details/41083369
提供了使用void*传递缓冲区的简单说明。
二 传结构体
1. 新建structPoint.cpp:
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> struct structImg { int width; int height; int channels; char* buf; }; extern "C" { void showStructureInfo(structImg p); } void showStructureInfo(structImg p) { printf("%d %d %d\n", p.width, p.height, p.channels); for(int i=0;i< p.width*p.height*p.channels; ++i) printf("%d: %d\n", i, p.buf[i]); }
2. 终端中将该文件编译成.so库:
g++ -std=c++11 -shared -fPIC -o libstructPoint.so structPoint.cpp
3. 新建test.py:
from ctypes import * lib = cdll.LoadLibrary('libstructPoint.so') class structImgTest(Structure): _fields_ =[('width', c_int), ('height', c_int), ('channels', c_int), ('buf', POINTER(c_ubyte))] def getstructImg(width, height, channels): #cwidth = c_int(width) #cheight = c_int(height) #cchannels = c_int(channels) num = width * height * channels data_buf = (c_byte * num)() for i in range(num): data_buf[i] = i pbuf = cast(data_buf, POINTER(c_ubyte)) st = structImgTest(width, height, channels, pbuf) return st width = 4 height = 3 channels = 2 st = getstructImg(width, height, channels) callTest = lib.showStructureInfo callTest(st) print st.width print st.height # if declaration of test is test(structImg* p), then use the following line pst = pointer(st) # not sure if "POINTER" points to ctypes type, while "pointer" points to a variable print pst.contents.width print pst.contents.height
4. 终端中运行test.py,结果如下:
可见输出的结果正确。