DexClassLoader和PathClassLoader载入Dex流程

    0x00

    在上一篇文章apk安装和优化原理，在最后我们分析了DexClassLoader和PathClassLoader的构造函数的不同。

    PathClassLoader最后调用的是new DexFile(pathFile)，而DexClassLoader调用的是DexFile.loadDex(dexPathList[i], outputName, 0)。

    

    0x01

    new DexFile(pathFile)相应的代码位于libcore\dalvik\src\main\java\dalvik\system\DexFile.java。

    public DexFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
        String wantDex = System.getProperty("android.vm.dexfile", "false");
        if (!wantDex.equals("true"))
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("No dex in this VM");

        mCookie = openDexFile(fileName, null, 0);
        mFileName = fileName;
        //System.out.println("DEX FILE cookie is " + mCookie);
    }

     DexFile.loadDex(dexPathList[i], outputName, 0)相应的代码也位于libcore\dalvik\src\main\java\dalvik\system\DexFile.java。

    static public DexFile loadDex(String sourcePathName, String outputPathName,
        int flags) throws IOException {

        /*
         * TODO: we may want to cache previously-opened DexFile objects.
         * The cache would be synchronized with close().  This would help
         * us avoid mapping the same DEX more than once when an app
         * decided to open it multiple times.  In practice this may not
         * be a real issue.
         */
        return new DexFile(sourcePathName, outputPathName, flags);
    }

    private DexFile(String sourceName, String outputName, int flags)
        throws IOException {

        String wantDex = System.getProperty("android.vm.dexfile", "false");
        if (!wantDex.equals("true"))
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("No dex in this VM");

        mCookie = openDexFile(sourceName, outputName, flags);
        mFileName = sourceName;
        //System.out.println("DEX FILE cookie is " + mCookie);
    }

    我们能够看到事实上两者终于调用的都是openDexFile，仅仅只是 DexClass Loader指定了生成优化后的apk路 径，而PathClassLoader则不须要，由于在安装阶段已经生成了/data/dalvik-cache/xxx@classes.dex。

    0x02

    我们继续分析openDexFile，这种方法一个JNI方法。

    native private static int openDexFile(String sourceName, String outputName,
        int flags) throws IOException;

    代码位于 libcore\dalvik\src\main\java\dalvik\system\ DexFile.java。

    相应的native方法位于dalvik\vm\native\dalvik_system_DexFile.c。

const DalvikNativeMethod dvm_dalvik_system_DexFile[] = {
    { "openDexFile",        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;I)I",
        Dalvik_dalvik_system_DexFile_openDexFile },
    { "closeDexFile",       "(I)V",
        Dalvik_dalvik_system_DexFile_closeDexFile },
    { "defineClass",        "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/ClassLoader;ILjava/security/ProtectionDomain;)Ljava/lang/Class;",
        Dalvik_dalvik_system_DexFile_defineClass },
    { "getClassNameList",   "(I)[Ljava/lang/String;",
        Dalvik_dalvik_system_DexFile_getClassNameList },
    { "isDexOptNeeded",     "(Ljava/lang/String;)Z",
        Dalvik_dalvik_system_DexFile_isDexOptNeeded },
    { NULL, NULL, NULL },
};

    我们看到openDexFile相应的是Dalvik_dalvik_system_DexFile_openDexFile方法。

static void Dalvik_dalvik_system_DexFile_openDexFile(const u4* args,
    JValue* pResult)
{
    ......
    if (dvmRawDexFileOpen(sourceName, outputName, &pRawDexFile, false) == 0) {
        LOGV("Opening DEX file '%s' (DEX)\n", sourceName);

        pDexOrJar = (DexOrJar*) malloc(sizeof(DexOrJar));
        pDexOrJar->isDex = true;
        pDexOrJar->pRawDexFile = pRawDexFile;
    } else if (dvmJarFileOpen(sourceName, outputName, &pJarFile, false) == 0) {
        LOGV("Opening DEX file '%s' (Jar)\n", sourceName);

        pDexOrJar = (DexOrJar*) malloc(sizeof(DexOrJar));
        pDexOrJar->isDex = false;
        pDexOrJar->pJarFile = pJarFile;
    } else {
        LOGV("Unable to open DEX file '%s'\n", sourceName);
        dvmThrowException("Ljava/io/IOException;", "unable to open DEX file");
    }

    ......

    RETURN_PTR(pDexOrJar);
}

    代码 位于 dalvik\vm\native\ dalvik_system_DexFile.c。

    这里调用dvmJarFileOpen，代码也位于dalvik\vm\JarFile.c中。

int dvmJarFileOpen(const char* fileName, const char* odexOutputName,
    JarFile** ppJarFile, bool isBootstrap)
{
    ZipArchive archive;
    DvmDex* pDvmDex = NULL;
    char* cachedName = NULL;
    bool archiveOpen = false;
    bool locked = false;
    int fd = -1;
    int result = -1;

    /* Even if we're not going to look at the archive, we need to
     * open it so we can stuff it into ppJarFile.
     */
    if (dexZipOpenArchive(fileName, &archive) != 0)
        goto bail;
    archiveOpen = true;

    /* If we fork/exec into dexopt, don't let it inherit the archive's fd.
     */
    dvmSetCloseOnExec(dexZipGetArchiveFd(&archive));

    /* First, look for a ".odex" alongside the jar file.  It will
     * have the same name/path except for the extension.
     */
    fd = openAlternateSuffix(fileName, "odex", O_RDONLY, &cachedName);
    if (fd >= 0) {
       .......
    } else {
        ZipEntry entry;

tryArchive:
        /*
         * Pre-created .odex absent or stale.  Look inside the jar for a
         * "classes.dex".
         */
        entry = dexZipFindEntry(&archive, kDexInJarName);
        if (entry != NULL) {
            bool newFile = false;

            /*
             * We've found the one we want.  See if there's an up-to-date copy
             * in the cache.
             *
             * On return, "fd" will be seeked just past the "opt" header.
             *
             * If a stale .odex file is present and classes.dex exists in
             * the archive, this will *not* return an fd pointing to the
             * .odex file; the fd will point into dalvik-cache like any
             * other jar.
             */
            if (odexOutputName == NULL) {
                cachedName = dexOptGenerateCacheFileName(fileName,
                                kDexInJarName);
                if (cachedName == NULL)
                    goto bail;
            } else {
                cachedName = strdup(odexOutputName);
            }
            LOGV("dvmDexCacheStatus: Checking cache for %s (%s)\n",
                fileName, cachedName);
            fd = dvmOpenCachedDexFile(fileName, cachedName,
                    dexGetZipEntryModTime(&archive, entry),
                    dexGetZipEntryCrc32(&archive, entry),
                    isBootstrap, &newFile, /*createIfMissing=*/true);
            if (fd < 0) {
                LOGI("Unable to open or create cache for %s (%s)\n",
                    fileName, cachedName);
                goto bail;
            }
            locked = true;

            /*
             * If fd points to a new file (because there was no cached version,
             * or the cached version was stale), generate the optimized DEX.
             * The file descriptor returned is still locked, and is positioned
             * just past the optimization header.
             */
            if (newFile) {
                u8 startWhen, extractWhen, endWhen;
                bool result;
                off_t dexOffset;

                dexOffset = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_CUR);
                result = (dexOffset > 0);

                if (result) {
                    startWhen = dvmGetRelativeTimeUsec();
                    result = dexZipExtractEntryToFile(&archive, entry, fd) == 0;
                    extractWhen = dvmGetRelativeTimeUsec();
                }
                if (result) {
                    result = dvmOptimizeDexFile(fd, dexOffset,
                                dexGetZipEntryUncompLen(&archive, entry),
                                fileName,
                                dexGetZipEntryModTime(&archive, entry),
                                dexGetZipEntryCrc32(&archive, entry),
                                isBootstrap);
                }

                if (!result) {
                    LOGE("Unable to extract+optimize DEX from '%s'\n",
                        fileName);
                    goto bail;
                }

                endWhen = dvmGetRelativeTimeUsec();
                LOGD("DEX prep '%s': unzip in %dms, rewrite %dms\n",
                    fileName,
                    (int) (extractWhen - startWhen) / 1000,
                    (int) (endWhen - extractWhen) / 1000);
            }
        } else {
           ......
        }
    }

    /*
     * Map the cached version.  This immediately rewinds the fd, so it
     * doesn't have to be seeked anywhere in particular.
     */
    if (dvmDexFileOpenFromFd(fd, &pDvmDex) != 0) {
        LOGI("Unable to map %s in %s\n", kDexInJarName, fileName);
        goto bail;
    }
    ......
    LOGV("Successfully opened '%s' in '%s'\n", kDexInJarName, fileName);

    *ppJarFile = (JarFile*) calloc(1, sizeof(JarFile));
    (*ppJarFile)->archive = archive;
    (*ppJarFile)->cacheFileName = cachedName;
    (*ppJarFile)->pDvmDex = pDvmDex;
    cachedName = NULL;      // don't free it below
    result = 0;

bail:
    ......
    return result;
}

    我们主要关注dvmOpenCachedDexFile方法。首先调用这种方法，尝试依据cachedName所指的优化文件名称在cache中查找并读取优化文件，假设没有。则要就对Dex进行优化。我们前面说过对于 PathClassLoader，在安装阶段已经生成了/data/dalvik-cache/xxx@classes.dex，所以dvmOpenCachedDexFile方法返回的newFile为false。而对于DexClassLoader已经指明了要生成优化后的dex的路径。这里dvmOpenCachedDexFile 方法返回的 newFile为true。

    对于PathClassLoader。newFile为false。所以不须要再一次优化dex。而对于DexClassLoader，newFile为true。所以调用dvmOptimizeDexFile来优化dex。dvmOptimizeDexFile代码位于           dalvik\vm\analysis\DexPrepare.c。也就是说对于DexClassLoader也仅仅优化一次。第二次就不会再优化了。优化还是比較耗时的。

bool dvmOptimizeDexFile(int fd, off_t dexOffset, long dexLength,
    const char* fileName, u4 modWhen, u4 crc, bool isBootstrap)
{
    ......
    pid = fork();
    if (pid == 0) {
        static const char* kDexOptBin = "/bin/dexopt";
        ......
        androidRoot = getenv("ANDROID_ROOT");
        if (androidRoot == NULL) {
            LOGW("ANDROID_ROOT not set, defaulting to /system\n");
            androidRoot = "/system";
        }
        execFile = malloc(strlen(androidRoot) + strlen(kDexOptBin) + 1);
        strcpy(execFile, androidRoot);
        strcat(execFile, kDexOptBin);

		.....
        if (kUseValgrind)
            execv(kValgrinder, argv);
        else
            execv(execFile, argv);

        LOGE("execv '%s'%s failed: %s\n", execFile,
            kUseValgrind ? " [valgrind]" : "", strerror(errno));
        exit(1);
    } else {
        ......
    }
}

    也是fork出一个子线程去运行/system/bin/dexopt。也就是OptMain.c中的main方法，往后的运行流程请參考 apk安装和优化原理 一文。

简单的脱壳程序就在

dvmDexFileOpenPartial下断点，參考 使用 IDA Pro进行简单的脱壳 。DexClassLoader载入dex首先要进行优化。优化的过程中会调用 dvmDexFileOpenPartial。而dvmDexFileOpenPartial的dexAddr是dex在内存的基地址。dexLength是dex在内存中长度，具体请參考apk安装和优化原理一文。这样就能够在内存中把dex dump出来。

    我们回到dvmJarFileOpen，继续运行dvmDexFileOpenFromFd，代码位于dalvik\vm\DvmDex.c。

int dvmDexFileOpenFromFd(int fd, DvmDex** ppDvmDex)
{
    DvmDex* pDvmDex;
    DexFile* pDexFile;
    MemMapping memMap;
    int parseFlags = kDexParseDefault;
    int result = -1;

    if (gDvm.verifyDexChecksum)
        parseFlags |= kDexParseVerifyChecksum;

    if (lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
        LOGE("lseek rewind failed\n");
        goto bail;
    }

    if (sysMapFileInShmemWritableReadOnly(fd, &memMap) != 0) {
        LOGE("Unable to map file\n");
        goto bail;
    }

    pDexFile = dexFileParse(memMap.addr, memMap.length, parseFlags);
    if (pDexFile == NULL) {
        LOGE("DEX parse failed\n");
        sysReleaseShmem(&memMap);
        goto bail;
    }

    pDvmDex = allocateAuxStructures(pDexFile);
    if (pDvmDex == NULL) {
        dexFileFree(pDexFile);
        sysReleaseShmem(&memMap);
        goto bail;
    }

    /* tuck this into the DexFile so it gets released later */
    sysCopyMap(&pDvmDex->memMap, &memMap);
    *ppDvmDex = pDvmDex;
    result = 0;

bail:
    return result;
}

    fd为优化后的dex。对于PathClassLoader，位于 /data/dalvik-cache/xxx@classes.dex。

对于DexClassLoader。就是在new DexClassLoader(String dexPath, String dexOutputDir, String libPath, ClassLoader parent)指定的dexOutputDir路径中。

    在dvmDexFileOpenFromFd方法中首先调用sysMapFileInShmemWritableReadOnly方法把优化后的dex载入进内存。

int sysMapFileInShmemWritableReadOnly(int fd, MemMapping* pMap)
{
#ifdef HAVE_POSIX_FILEMAP
    off_t start;
    size_t length;
    void* memPtr;

    assert(pMap != NULL);

    if (getFileStartAndLength(fd, &start, &length) < 0)
        return -1;

    memPtr = mmap(NULL, length, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_FILE | MAP_PRIVATE,
            fd, start);
    if (memPtr == MAP_FAILED) {
        LOGW("mmap(%d, R/W, FILE|PRIVATE, %d, %d) failed: %s\n", (int) length,
            fd, (int) start, strerror(errno));
        return -1;
    }
    if (mprotect(memPtr, length, PROT_READ) < 0) {
        /* this fails with EACCESS on FAT filesystems, e.g. /sdcard */
        int err = errno;
        LOGV("mprotect(%p, %d, PROT_READ) failed: %s\n",
            memPtr, length, strerror(err));
        LOGD("mprotect(RO) failed (%d), file will remain read-write\n", err);
    }

    pMap->baseAddr = pMap->addr = memPtr;
    pMap->baseLength = pMap->length = length;

    return 0;
#else
    return sysFakeMapFile(fd, pMap);
#endif
}

    代码位于dalvik/libdex/SysUtil.c。
    MemMapping结构体pMap中baseAddr和addr都指向dex映射到内存的首地址。

    返回到dvmDexFileOpenFromFd，继续运行dexFileParse。代码位于dalvik\libdex\DexFile.c。

DexFile* dexFileParse(const u1* data, size_t length, int flags)
{
    DexFile* pDexFile = NULL;
    const DexHeader* pHeader;
    const u1* magic;
    int result = -1;

    if (length < sizeof(DexHeader)) {
        LOGE("too short to be a valid .dex\n");
        goto bail;      /* bad file format */
    }

    pDexFile = (DexFile*) malloc(sizeof(DexFile));
    if (pDexFile == NULL)
        goto bail;      /* alloc failure */
    memset(pDexFile, 0, sizeof(DexFile));

    /*
     * Peel off the optimized header.
     */
    if (memcmp(data, DEX_OPT_MAGIC, 4) == 0) {
        magic = data;
        if (memcmp(magic+4, DEX_OPT_MAGIC_VERS, 4) != 0) {
            LOGE("bad opt version (0x%02x %02x %02x %02x)\n",
                 magic[4], magic[5], magic[6], magic[7]);
            goto bail;
        }

        pDexFile->pOptHeader = (const DexOptHeader*) data;
        LOGV("Good opt header, DEX offset is %d, flags=0x%02x\n",
            pDexFile->pOptHeader->dexOffset, pDexFile->pOptHeader->flags);

        /* parse the optimized dex file tables */
        if (!dexParseOptData(data, length, pDexFile))
            goto bail;
		data += pDexFile->pOptHeader->dexOffset;
        length -= pDexFile->pOptHeader->dexOffset;
        ......
    }

    dexFileSetupBasicPointers(pDexFile, data);
    pHeader = pDexFile->pHeader;

    ......
    result = 0;

bail:
    if (result != 0 && pDexFile != NULL) {
        dexFileFree(pDexFile);
        pDexFile = NULL;
    }
    return pDexFile;
}

    这种方法主要是生成DexFile结构，我们首先来看DexFile结构是什么样子的？

typedef struct DexFile {
    /* directly-mapped "opt" header */
    const DexOptHeader* pOptHeader;

    /* pointers to directly-mapped structs and arrays in base DEX */
    const DexHeader*    pHeader;
    const DexStringId*  pStringIds;
    const DexTypeId*    pTypeIds;
    const DexFieldId*   pFieldIds;
    const DexMethodId*  pMethodIds;
    const DexProtoId*   pProtoIds;
    const DexClassDef*  pClassDefs;
    const DexLink*      pLinkData;

    /*
     * These are mapped out of the "auxillary" section, and may not be
     * included in the file.
     */
    const DexClassLookup* pClassLookup;
    const void*         pRegisterMapPool;       // RegisterMapClassPool

    /* points to start of DEX file data */
    const u1*           baseAddr;

    /* track memory overhead for auxillary structures */
    int                 overhead;

    /* additional app-specific data structures associated with the DEX */
    //void*               auxData;
} DexFile;

    代码位于dalvik\libdex\DexFile.h中。

    dexFileParse这种方法首先为pDexFile->pOptHeader赋值，将优化文件头部与DexFile数据结构下的pOptHeader变量进行关联。

    然后调用dexParseOptData函数对优化数据进行处理，其作用也是将各个优化数据与DexFile数据结构中的相应成员变量进行关联。这里关联的是pClassLookup和pRegisterMapPool。

    最后调用dexFileSetupBasicPointers将Dex文件里其它各部分数据与DexFile数据结构建立完整的映射关系。代码位于dalvik\libdex\DexFile.c。

void dexFileSetupBasicPointers(DexFile* pDexFile, const u1* data) {
    DexHeader *pHeader = (DexHeader*) data;

    pDexFile->baseAddr = data;
    pDexFile->pHeader = pHeader;
    pDexFile->pStringIds = (const DexStringId*) (data + pHeader->stringIdsOff);
    pDexFile->pTypeIds = (const DexTypeId*) (data + pHeader->typeIdsOff);
    pDexFile->pFieldIds = (const DexFieldId*) (data + pHeader->fieldIdsOff);
    pDexFile->pMethodIds = (const DexMethodId*) (data + pHeader->methodIdsOff);
    pDexFile->pProtoIds = (const DexProtoId*) (data + pHeader->protoIdsOff);
    pDexFile->pClassDefs = (const DexClassDef*) (data + pHeader->classDefsOff);
    pDexFile->pLinkData = (const DexLink*) (data + pHeader->linkOff);
}

    重点说一下baseAddr指向dex文件的头部。

    运行完dexFileParse生成了DexFile结构。返回到dvmDexFileOpenFromFd，继续运行allocateAuxStructures方法来生成DvmDex结构pDvmDex。代码位于dalvik\vm\DvmDex.c。

static DvmDex* allocateAuxStructures(DexFile* pDexFile)
{
    DvmDex* pDvmDex;
    const DexHeader* pHeader;
    u4 stringCount, classCount, methodCount, fieldCount;

    pDvmDex = (DvmDex*) calloc(1, sizeof(DvmDex));
    if (pDvmDex == NULL)
        return NULL;

    pDvmDex->pDexFile = pDexFile;
    pDvmDex->pHeader = pDexFile->pHeader;

    pHeader = pDvmDex->pHeader;

    stringCount = pHeader->stringIdsSize;
    classCount = pHeader->typeIdsSize;
    methodCount = pHeader->methodIdsSize;
    fieldCount = pHeader->fieldIdsSize;

    pDvmDex->pResStrings = (struct StringObject**)
        calloc(stringCount, sizeof(struct StringObject*));

    pDvmDex->pResClasses = (struct ClassObject**)
        calloc(classCount, sizeof(struct ClassObject*));

    pDvmDex->pResMethods = (struct Method**)
        calloc(methodCount, sizeof(struct Method*));

    pDvmDex->pResFields = (struct Field**)
        calloc(fieldCount, sizeof(struct Field*));

    LOGV("+++ DEX %p: allocateAux %d+%d+%d+%d * 4 = %d bytes\n",
        pDvmDex, stringCount, classCount, methodCount, fieldCount,
        (stringCount + classCount + methodCount + fieldCount) * 4);

    pDvmDex->pInterfaceCache = dvmAllocAtomicCache(DEX_INTERFACE_CACHE_SIZE);

    if (pDvmDex->pResStrings == NULL ||
        pDvmDex->pResClasses == NULL ||
        pDvmDex->pResMethods == NULL ||
        pDvmDex->pResFields == NULL ||
        pDvmDex->pInterfaceCache == NULL)
    {
        LOGE("Alloc failure in allocateAuxStructures\n");
        free(pDvmDex->pResStrings);
        free(pDvmDex->pResClasses);
        free(pDvmDex->pResMethods);
        free(pDvmDex->pResFields);
        free(pDvmDex);
        return NULL;
    }

    return pDvmDex;

}

    然后返回到 dvmDexFileOpenFromFd，运行sysCopyMap把DvmDex结构pDvmDex的memMap附上值。最后返回DvmDex结构pDvmDex。
    

    运行完dvmDexFileOpenFromFd，返回到dvmJarFileOpen。生成了一个JarFile结构体ppJarFile，并赋值例如以下：

    *ppJarFile = (JarFile*) calloc(1, sizeof(JarFile));
    (*ppJarFile)->archive = archive;
    (*ppJarFile)->cacheFileName = cachedName;
    (*ppJarFile)->pDvmDex = pDvmDex;

    在返回到Dalvik_dalvik_system_DexFile_openDexFile中。生成一个DexOrJar结构体pDexOrJar。并赋值例如以下：

        pDexOrJar = (DexOrJar*) malloc(sizeof(DexOrJar));
        pDexOrJar->isDex = false;
        pDexOrJar->pJarFile = pJarFile;

    然后RETURN_PTR(pDexOrJar)返回给Java层的openDexFile，并赋值给mCookie。例如以下：

mCookie = openDexFile(fileName, null, 0);

    下次通过mCookie。我们就能一步一步找到DexFile结构体( DexOrJar->JarFile->DvmDex->DexFile)。

   

    0x03

    最后附上一张DexFile的结构图：

    图中有一处错误，baseAddr和pHeader事实上都指向DexHeader。也就是dex文件头在内存中的虚拟地址。

    0x03

    那么PatchClassLoader对象是什么时候生成的呢？

    在Android加壳原理分析一文中，在handleBindApplication方法里须要获取ClassLoader，这个ClassLoader对象就是PathClassLoader对象。以下来看看是怎么形成的？

private final void handleBindApplication(AppBindData data) { 
			......
            try {
                java.lang.ClassLoader cl = instrContext.getClassLoader();
                mInstrumentation = (Instrumentation)
                    cl.loadClass(data.instrumentationName.getClassName()).newInstance();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(
                    "Unable to instantiate instrumentation "
                    + data.instrumentationName + ": " + e.toString(), e);
            }
			......
}

    代码位于frameworks\base\core\java\android\app\ActivityThread.java。

    instrContext.getClassLoader()，实现例如以下，代码位于frameworks\base\core\java\android\app\ContextImpl.java。

    @Override
    public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
        return mPackageInfo != null ?

mPackageInfo.getClassLoader() : ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader(); }

    mPackageInfo.getClassLoader()。实现例如以下。代码位于frameworks\base\core\java\android\app\LoadedApk.java。

    public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
        synchronized (this) {
            if (mClassLoader != null) {
                return mClassLoader;
            }

            if (mIncludeCode && !mPackageName.equals("android")) {
                String zip = mAppDir;

                ......
                mClassLoader =
                    ApplicationLoaders.getDefault().getClassLoader(
                        zip, mLibDir, mBaseClassLoader);
                initializeJavaContextClassLoader();
            } else {
                if (mBaseClassLoader == null) {
                    mClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
                } else {
                    mClassLoader = mBaseClassLoader;
                }
            }
            return mClassLoader;
        }
    }

    ApplicationLoaders.getDefault().getClassLoader( zip, mLibDir, mBaseClassLoader)，实现例如以下，代码位于frameworks\base\core\java\android\app\ApplicationLoaders.java中。

    public ClassLoader getClassLoader(String zip, String libPath, ClassLoader parent)
    {
        /*
         * This is the parent we use if they pass "null" in.  In theory
         * this should be the "system" class loader; in practice we
         * don't use that and can happily (and more efficiently) use the
         * bootstrap class loader.
         */
        ClassLoader baseParent = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().getParent();

        synchronized (mLoaders) {
            if (parent == null) {
                parent = baseParent;
            }

            /*
             * If we're one step up from the base class loader, find
             * something in our cache.  Otherwise, we create a whole
             * new ClassLoader for the zip archive.
             */
            if (parent == baseParent) {
                ClassLoader loader = mLoaders.get(zip);
                if (loader != null) {
                    return loader;
                }
    
                PathClassLoader pathClassloader =
                    new PathClassLoader(zip, libPath, parent);
                
                mLoaders.put(zip, pathClassloader);
                return pathClassloader;
            }

            return new PathClassLoader(zip, parent);
        }
    }

    最后的时候，我们看到了PathClassLoader对象的生成。