1:更换国内yum源:
有时候需要访问的yum源会在国外,影响下载速度,所有需要更换到国内yum源:那么如何更换了:
首先进入到yum所在目录/etc/yum.repos.d/:然后下载新的163镜像源:
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo #下载:
--2018-06-28 05:59:08-- http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
正在解析主机 mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)... 59.111.0.251
正在连接 mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)|59.111.0.251|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求,正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度:1572 (1.5K) [application/octet-stream]
正在保存至: “CentOS7-Base-163.repo”
100%[=====================================================================================================================================================>] 1,572 --.-K/s 用时 0s
2018-06-28 05:59:08 (110 MB/s) - 已保存 “CentOS7-Base-163.repo” [1572/1572])
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Sources.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -fr CentOS-Base.repo #并删除以前旧的yum源:
如果要是系统里没有wget命令,则可以用以下命令:curl -O
[root@localhost ~]# curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 1572 100 1572 0 0 17654 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 17863
[root@localhost ~]# ls CentOS7-Base-163.repo
CentOS7-Base-163.repo
然后刷新一下缓存:
yum clean all #刷新缓存:
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
已加载插件:fastestmirror
正在清理软件源: base extras updates
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
用yum list查看下,可以使用:
[root@localhost ~]# yum list |tail -5
zziplib.i686 0.13.62-5.el7 base
zziplib.x86_64 0.13.62-5.el7 base
zziplib-devel.i686 0.13.62-5.el7 base
zziplib-devel.x86_64 0.13.62-5.el7 base
zziplib-utils.x86_64 0.13.62-5.el7 base
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y zsh
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 zsh.x86_64.0.5.0.2-28.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
Running transaction
正在安装 : zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64 1/1
验证中 : zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64 1/1
已安装:
zsh.x86_64 0:5.0.2-28.el7
如上图看到:安装zsh这个包成功:
yum repolist #查看当前系统里有哪些仓库:
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist all
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
源标识 源名称 状态
C7.0.1406-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - Base 禁用
C7.0.1406-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - CentOSPlus
C7.0.1406-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - Extras
C7.0.1406-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - CentOSPlus 禁用
C7.0.1406-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - Updates 禁用
C7.1.1503-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - Base 禁用
C7.1.1503-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - CentOSPlus
C7.1.1503-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - Extras 禁用
此时,yum源更换完成,可以正常使用:
2、yum下载rpm包:
有时候我们需要下载一些扩展的软件,而系统自带的源没有,所以需要安装扩展源:
yum install -y epel-release #安装扩展源:
yum install zsh -y --downloadonly #只下载不安装:
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y zsh --downloadonly #下载:
已加载插件:fastestmirror
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 zsh.x86_64.0.5.0.2-28.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
总下载量:2.4 M
安装大小:5.6 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.4 MB 00:00:01
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[root@localhost ~]#
但是下载后在哪里目录了:如下:
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/
zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm
3、也可以下载到指定目录:如下:
yum install -y zsh --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y zsh --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/ #下载到/tmp/目录
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: mirror.premi.st
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 zsh.x86_64.0.5.0.2-28.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
总下载量:2.4 M
安装大小:5.6 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[root@localhost ~]# ls /tmp/ #在/tmp/目录下查看:
systemd-private-25859a4e3ccf4182b5115ea9ab6c2d55-chronyd.service-E90Hxe yum_save_tx.2018-06-28.06-36._oCXBE.yumtx yum_save_tx.2018-06-28.06-42.AYkpUK.yumtx zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm
4、如果一个包安装过了就会提示无法下载,那怎么办?如下:
yum reinstall -y vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Package 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-4.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum reinstall -y vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package vim-enhanced.x86_64 2:7.4.160-4.el7 will be reinstalled
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Total download size: 1.0 M
Installed size: 2.2 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
vim-enhanced-7.4.160-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.0 MB 00:00
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp/
vim-enhanced-7.4.160-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
可以正常下载了:
5、源码包的安装:
以后源码包都在/usr/local/src目录下:
下载软件到此目录:wget :
解包解压缩: tar :
编译:./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install