理解分布式事务JTA原理参见:http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-lo-jta/
JTA实现产品介绍:http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-122937-id-3793220.html
Atomikos官网无法访问,不过Maven中央库中具atomikos包。Atomikos集成Spring,Hibernate,Mybatis网上文章比较多,本文是通过JavaSE的方式借用Spring配置来测试Atomikos对JTA的实现。
下面做一件事,就是两(+)个数据库,在一个事务里对其分别对数据库操作验证操作的原子性,即要么两个数据库的操作都成功,要么都失败。
1.准备工作
1.1 Maven pom.xml中添加依赖包
atomikos:(目前最新版)
<dependency> <groupId>com.atomikos</groupId> <artifactId>transactions-jdbc</artifactId> <version>3.9.3</version> </dependency>
jar依赖图:
Postgresql数据库驱动:
<dependency> <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId> <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId> <version>9.2-1004-jdbc4</version> </dependency>
注:文中使用的是Postgresql V9.2
javax.transaction.transaction-api.1.1:
<!-- Include in javaee-api -->
<!--
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.transaction</groupId>
<artifactId>transaction-api</artifactId>
<version>1.1</version>
</dependency>
-->
<!-- JavaEE --> <!-- javaee-api包含了JavaEE规范中的api,如servlet-api,persistence-api, transaction-api等 --> <dependency> <groupId>javax</groupId> <artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId> <version>7.0</version> </dependency>
注:根据需要选择其一即可。
Spring,Junit依赖这里省略。
1.2 创建数据库以及表
数据库分别是:javaee,tomdb
2.在项目中添加配置文件
spring-jta.xml 和transaction.properties(模版见文中附件)文件,spring-jta.xml在src/main/resources/integration下,transaction.properties在src/main/resources/下。
2.1在spring-jta.xml中配置两个XADataSource:
<!-- 使用分布式事务时设置Postgresql的max_prepared_transactions为大于0的值,该值默认是0 --> <!-- 数据库A --> <bean id="a" class="com.atomikos.jdbc.AtomikosDataSourceBean" init-method="init" destroy-method="close"> <property name="uniqueResourceName" value="pg/a" /> <property name="xaDataSourceClassName" value="org.postgresql.xa.PGXADataSource" /> <property name="xaProperties"> <props> <prop key="user">postgres</prop> <prop key="password">postgres</prop> <prop key="serverName">localhost</prop> <prop key="portNumber">5432</prop> <prop key="databaseName">tomdb</prop> </props> </property> <property name="poolSize" value="10" /> <property name="reapTimeout" value="20000" /> </bean> <bean id="b" class="com.atomikos.jdbc.AtomikosDataSourceBean" init-method="init" destroy-method="close"> <property name="uniqueResourceName" value="pg/b" /> <property name="xaDataSourceClassName" value="org.postgresql.xa.PGXADataSource" /> <property name="xaProperties"> <props> <prop key="user">postgres</prop> <prop key="password">postgres</prop> <prop key="serverName">localhost</prop> <prop key="portNumber">5432</prop> <prop key="databaseName">javaee</prop> </props> </property> <property name="poolSize" value="10" /> <property name="reapTimeout" value="20000" /> </bean>
说明:
Postgresql的max_prepared_transactions参数值默认是0,要开启XA需要设置该值至少和max_connections参数值一样大,该参数在PostgreSQL\9.3\data\postgresql.conf文件中。
PGXADataSource的父类BaseDataSource没有url属性,可需要分别设置serverName,portNumber,databaseName等属性。不同的数据库驱动有不同的实现方法。
2.2 配置事务管理对象和UserTransaction接口实现
<!-- atomikos事务管理 --> <bean id="atomikosUserTransactionManager" class="com.atomikos.icatch.jta.UserTransactionManager" init-method="init" destroy-method="close"> <description>UserTransactionManager</description> <property name="forceShutdown" value="true" /> </bean> <bean id="atomikosUserTransaction" class="com.atomikos.icatch.jta.UserTransactionImp"> <property name="transactionTimeout" value="300" /> </bean> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager"> <property name="transactionManager" ref="atomikosUserTransactionManager"></property> </bean>
上面三个Bean可以独立使用来进行事务控制,具体看下面3。
3. 编写测试
3.1 使用atomikosUserTransactionManager对象测试(TestAtomikos1.java)
package secondriver.springsubway.example.jta;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import javax.transaction.HeuristicMixedException;
import javax.transaction.HeuristicRollbackException;
import javax.transaction.NotSupportedException;
import javax.transaction.RollbackException;
import javax.transaction.SystemException;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.atomikos.icatch.jta.UserTransactionManager;
import com.atomikos.jdbc.AtomikosDataSourceBean;
public class TestAtomikos1 {
public static ApplicationContext ctx;
@BeforeClass
public static void beforeClass() {
ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"classpath:integration/spring-jta.xml");
}
public static void afterClass() {
ctx = null;
}
@Test
public void test1() {
exe("abc", "abc");
}
@Test
public void test2() {
exe("123=", "123");
}
public void exe(String av, String bv) {
AtomikosDataSourceBean adsA = (AtomikosDataSourceBean) ctx.getBean("a");
AtomikosDataSourceBean adsB = (AtomikosDataSourceBean) ctx.getBean("b");
Connection connA;
Connection connB;
UserTransactionManager utm = (UserTransactionManager) ctx
.getBean("atomikosUserTransactionManager");
try {
utm.begin();
connA = adsA.getConnection();
connB = adsB.getConnection();
connA.prepareStatement(
"insert into jta_temp (value) values('" + av + "')")
.execute();
connB.prepareStatement(
"insert into jta_temp (value) values('" + bv + "')")
.execute();
utm.commit();
} catch (SQLException | NotSupportedException | SystemException
| SecurityException | IllegalStateException | RollbackException
| HeuristicMixedException | HeuristicRollbackException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
try {
utm.rollback();
} catch (IllegalStateException | SecurityException
| SystemException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
3.2使用Spring的JtaUserTransactionManager对象测试(TestAtomikos2.java 修改TestAtomikos1.java中的exe方法即可)
@Test
public void test1() {
exe("abc", "abc");
}
@Test
public void test2() {
exe("123=", "123");
}
public void exe(String av, String bv) {
TransactionFactory txm = (TransactionFactory) ctx
.getBean("transactionManager");
JdbcTemplate a = (JdbcTemplate) ctx.getBean("jdbcTemplateA");
JdbcTemplate b = (JdbcTemplate) ctx.getBean("jdbcTemplateB");
Transaction tx =null;
try {
tx = txm.createTransaction("tx-name-define", 10000);
a.update("insert into jta_temp (value) values('" + av + "')");
b.update("insert into jta_temp (value) values('" + bv + "')");
tx.commit();
} catch (NotSupportedException | SystemException | SecurityException
| RollbackException | HeuristicMixedException
| HeuristicRollbackException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
if(tx!=null){
try {
tx.rollback();
} catch (IllegalStateException | SystemException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
3.3使用atomikosUserTransaction Bean对象进行测试(TestAtomikos3.java 修改TestAtomikos1.java中的exe方法即可)
@Test
public void test1() {
exe("abc", "abc");
}
@Test
public void test2() {
exe("123", "123=");
}
public void exe(String av, String bv) {
AtomikosDataSourceBean adsA = (AtomikosDataSourceBean) ctx.getBean("a");
AtomikosDataSourceBean adsB = (AtomikosDataSourceBean) ctx.getBean("b");
Connection connA;
Connection connB;
UserTransaction utx = (UserTransaction) ctx
.getBean("atomikosUserTransaction");
try {
utx.begin();
connA = adsA.getConnection();
connB = adsB.getConnection();
connA.prepareStatement(
"insert into jta_temp (value) values('" + av + "')")
.execute();
connB.prepareStatement(
"insert into jta_temp (value) values('" + bv + "')")
.execute();
utx.commit();
} catch (SQLException | NotSupportedException | SystemException
| SecurityException | IllegalStateException | RollbackException
| HeuristicMixedException | HeuristicRollbackException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
try {
utx.rollback();
} catch (IllegalStateException | SecurityException
| SystemException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
使用上述三种UserTransaction进行测试,其中test1方法是成功执行,test2方法是执行失败的(因为插入的值长度超过的字段长度限制)。通过分析之后,如果分布式事物控制正确,那么数据库中写入的值对于两张不同的表而言,是没有数字值被写入的。如图所示:
在测试过程中,经过对比确实达到了分布式事务控制的效果。
整个操作的架构图如下(摘自Atomikos Blog)
关于JTA原理文章开始提到的那篇文章,写的很详细和清晰,可以细细阅读和理解。