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1、日志简介
    nginx日志主要有两种:访问日志和错误日志。访问日志主要记录客户端访问nginx的每一个请求,格式
可以自定义;错误日志主要记录客户端访问
nginx出错时的日志,格式不支持自定义。两种日志都可以选择
性关闭。
    通过访问日志,你可以得到用户地域来源、跳转来源、使用终端、某个
URL访问量等相关信息;通过
错误日志,你可以得到系统某个服务或
server的性能瓶颈等。因此,将日志好好利用,你可以得到很多有价
值的信息。

2、访问日志
    [Access.log]
    log_format main '$remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" $http_host '
                                '$status $upstream_status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                                '"$http_user_agent" $ssl_protocol $ssl_cipher $upstream_addr '
                                '$request_time $upstream_response_time';

变量名称 变量描述 举例说明
$remote_addr 客户端地址 113.140.15.90
$remote_user 客户端用户名称 -
$time_local 访问时间和时区 18/Jul/2012:17:00:01 +0800
$request 请求的URIHTTP
"GET /pa/img/home/logo-alipay-t.png HTT
P/1.1"
$http_host 请求地址,即浏览器中
你输入的地址(
IP或域
名)
img.alipay.com
10.253.70.103
$status HTTP请求状态 200
$upstream_status upstream状态 200
$body_bytes_sent 发送给客户端文件内容
大小
547
$http_referer 跳转来源 "https://cashier.alipay.com.../"
$http_user_agent 用户终端代理 "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windo
ws NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; GTB7.0; .NET
4.0C;
$ssl_protocol SSL协议版本 TLSv1
$ssl_cipher 交换数据中的算法 RC4-SHA
$upstream_addr 后台upstream的地址,
即真正提供服务的主机
地址
10.228.35.247:80
$request_time 整个请求的总时间 0.205
$upstream_response_
time
请求过程中,upstream
响应时间
0.002

    线上实例:
    116.9.137.90 - [02/Aug/2012:14:47:12 +0800] "GET /images/XX/20100324752729.png HTTP/1.1"img.alipay.com 200 200 2038 https://cashier.alipay.com/XX/PaymentResult.htm?payNo=XX&outBizNo=2012XX "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; Tablet PC 2.0; 360SE)" TLSv1 A

image.png

ES128-SHA 10.228.21.237:80 0.198 0.001
线下测试$http_referer):

27741318_2.jpg

    10.14.21.197 - - [14/Aug/2012:17:28:22 +0800] "GET /spanner/watch/v1?--db=ztg-1&--mode=compare&--index=status&--option=&--cluster=whole&-F=2012%2F8%2F12-00%3A00%3A00&-T=%2B2880&-i=1&n=0&_=1344936501292 HTTP/1.1" 200 94193 "http://spanner.alipay.net/optionFrame/history.html" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT
6.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.60 Safari/537.1"
备注:$http_referer和重定向有关。
线下测试$http_host):
备注:
$http_host的值和你在浏览器里输入的值有关。
3、错误日志

错误信息 错误说明
"upstream prematurely(过早的) cl
osed connection"
请求uri的时候出现的异常,是由于upst
ream
还未返回应答给用户时用户断掉
连接造成的,对系统没有影响,可以
忽略
"recv() failed (104: Connection reset b
y peer)"
1)服务器的并发连接数超过了其承
载量,服务器会将其中一些连接
Down
掉;
2)客户关掉了浏览器,而服务器还
在给客户端发送数据;
3)浏览器端按了Stop
"(111: Connection refused) while conn
ecting to upstream"
用户在连接时,若遇到后端upstream
掉或者不通,会收到该错误
"(111: Connection refused) while readi
ng response header from upstream"
用户在连接成功后读取数据时,若遇
到后端
upstream挂掉或者不通,会收到
该错误
"(111: Connection refused) while send
ing request to upstream"
Nginxupstream连接成功后发送数据
时,若遇到后端
upstream挂掉或者不
通,会收到该错误
"(110: Connection timed out) while co
nnecting to upstream"
nginx连接后面的upstream时超时
"(110: Connection timed out) while re
ading upstream"
nginx读取来自upstream的响应时超时
"(110: Connection timed out) while re
ading response header from upstream"
nginx读取来自upstream的响应头时超时
"(110: Connection timed out) while re
ading upstream"
nginx读取来自upstream的响应时超时
"(104: Connection reset by peer) while
connecting to upstream"
upstream发送了RST,将连接重置
"upstream sent invalid header while re
ading response header from upstream"
upstream发送的响应头无效
"upstream sent no valid HTTP/1.0 hea
der while reading response header fro
m upstream"
upstream发送的响应头无效

"client intended to send too large bod
y"
用于设置允许接受的客户端请求内容
的最大值,默认值是
1Mclient发送的
body超过了设置值
"reopening logs" 用户发送kill -USR1命令
"gracefully shutting down", 用户发送kill -WINCH命令
"no servers are inside upstream" upstream下未配置server
"no live upstreams while connecting t
o upstream"
upstream下的server全都挂了
"SSL_do_handshake() failed" SSL握手失败
"SSL_write() failed (SSL:) while send
ing to client"

"(13: Permission denied) while readin
g upstream"

nnecting to upstream"
"(99: Cannot assign requested address)
while connecting to upstream"

"ngx_slab_alloc() failed: no memory i
n SSL session shared cache"
ssl_session_cache大小不够等原因造成
"could not add new SSL session to the
session cache while SSL handshaking"
ssl_session_cache大小不够等原因造成
"send() failed (111: Connection refuse
d)