C++语言基础 例程 标准输入流

贺老师的教学链接  本课讲解

例: 输入个数不确定的成绩

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
    float grade;
    cout<<"enter grade:";
    while(cin>>grade)//能从cin流读取数据
    {
        if(grade>=85)
            cout<<grade<<" GOOD!"<<endl;
        if(grade<60)
            cout<<grade<<" fail!"<<endl;
        cout<<"enter grade:";
    }
    cout<<"The end."<<endl;
    return 0;
}

用于字符输入的流成员函数——get函数
（1）不带参数的get函数

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
    int c;
    cout<<"enter a sentence:"<<endl;
    while((c=cin.get())!=EOF)
        cout.put(c);
    return 0;
}

(2) 有一个参数的get函数

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
    char c;
    cout<<"enter a sentence:"<<endl;
    while(cin.get(c))  //读取一个字符赋给字符变量c，如果读取成功，cin.get(c)为真
        cout.put(c);
    cout<<"end"<<endl;
    return 0;
}

(3) 有3个参数的get函数

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
    char ch[20];
    cout<<"enter a sentence:"<<endl;
    cin.get(ch,10,'/');//指定‘/’符号为终止字符
    cout<<ch<<endl;
    return 0;
}

用于输入一行字符的流成员函数——getline函数

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
    char ch[20];
    cout<<"enter a sentence:"<<endl;
    cin>>ch;
    cout<<"The string read with cin is:"<<ch<<endl;
    cin.getline(ch,20,'/');//读19个字符或遇'/'结束
    cout<<"The second part is:"<<ch<<endl;
    cin.getline(ch,20);                              //读19个字符或遇'/n'结束
    cout<<"The third part is:"<<ch<<endl;
    return 0;
}

判断输入(文件)是否结束——eof函数

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
    char c;
    while(!cin.eof( )) //eof( )为假表示未遇到文件结束符
        if((c=cin.get( ))!=' ')	//检查读入的字符是否为空格字符
            cout.put(c);
    return 0;
}

输入流其他函数——

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
    char c[20];
    int ch;
    cout<<"please enter a sentence:"<<endl;
    cin.getline(c,15,'/');
    cout<<"The first part is:"<<c<<endl;
    ch=cin.peek( );         //取当前字符
    cout<<"next character: "<<char(ch)<<endl;
    cin.putback(c[0]);   //插入c[0]
    cin.getline(c,15,'/');
    cout<<"The second part is:"<<c<<endl;
    return 0;
}