OSPF末节和完全末节区域
  末节区域要求: <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

1 末节区域不能是area 0
2 末节区域里不能有ASBR,因为ASBR要注入外部路由
3 末节 区域里不能做virtual-link的传递区域
末节区域的特点:
不接受OSPF外部的路由信息
ABR上会生成默认路由来代替OSFP外部路由,且该默认路由的cost可以用area area-id default-cost cost来修改

当我们在ABR上加no-summary参数的时候末节区域就变成完全末节区域了,完全末节区域是cisco专有的,在完全末节区域里不接受OSPF外部路由和其他area 的路由,而这些路由都会被ABR上自动生成的一条默认路由取代。

有一种特殊的情况是:该区域有1个以上的ABR,但是我们还是想把该区域设置成末节区域,问题出现了,因为每个ABR都会产生默认路由并注入到区域内,默认情况下这样区域内的路由器在去往外部网络时可能会选择到非最优的ABR作为出口,这种情况,我们可以根据实际网路拓扑来手动改变默认路由的metric来控制。

查看ospf 两个常用show 就是show ip ospf show ip ospf int

实验场景1

 

<?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" />    

实验目的:

学会配置OSPFstub区域,并掌握stub 区域的特点

要把一个区域设置成stub区域,要在区域内所有的路由器上都要配置

area area-id stub,因为若一边配置一边不配置的话OSPF邻居关系无法建立起来。
配置成末节区域之后,ABR也既R2会往stub区域里注入一条默认路由,我们可以通过如下方式查看
R2#sh ip ospf
 Routing Process "ospf 1" with ID <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />2.2.2.2
 Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
 Supports opaque LSA
 Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
 It is an area border router
 Initial SPF schedule delay 5000 msecs
 Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs
 Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs
 Minimum LSA interval 5 secs. Minimum LSA arrival 1 secs
 LSA group pacing timer 240 secs
 Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs
 Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs
 Number of external LSA 1. Checksum Sum 0x00A5F3
 Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
 Number of DCbitless external and opaque AS LSA 0
 Number of DoNotAge external and opaque AS LSA 0
 Number of areas in this router is 2. 1 normal 1 stub 0 nssa
 External flood list length 0
    Area BACKBONE(0)
        Number of interfaces in this area is 1
        Area has no authentication
        SPF algorithm last executed 00:10:38.328 ago
        SPF algorithm executed 5 times
        Area ranges are
        Number of LSA 4. Checksum Sum 0x014970
        Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
        Number of DCbitless LSA 0
        Number of indication LSA 0
        Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
        Flood list length 0
    Area 1
        Number of interfaces in this area is 2
        It is a stub area
          generates stub default route with cost 1 //可以看到有一条默认路由,默认cost1

 

        Area has no authentication
        SPF algorithm last executed 00:05:25.400 ago
        SPF algorithm executed 12 times
        Area ranges are
        Number of LSA 6. Checksum Sum 0x02832A
        Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
        Number of DCbitless LSA 0
        Number of indication LSA 0
        Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
        Flood list length 0
R3#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.2.1 to network 0.0.0.0

 

     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       4.4.4.4 [110/65] via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:06, Serial1/1
O    192.168.4.0/24 [110/65] via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:06, Serial1/1
                    [110/65] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:06, Serial1/0
O IA 192.168.1.0/24 [110/128] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:06, Serial1/0
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1
O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/65] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:06, Serial1/0
接下来我们的目的是改变R2ABR)向stub区域注入的默认路由的初始cost(默认是1
方法是在OSPF进程下启用area area-id default-cost cost
R2
R2(config)#router ospf  1
R2(config-router)#area 1 default-cost 20
R2(config-router)#end
R2#sh  ip ospf
 Routing Process "ospf 1" with ID 2.2.2.2
 Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
 Supports opaque LSA
 Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
 It is an area border router
 Initial SPF schedule delay 5000 msecs
 Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs
 Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs
 Minimum LSA interval 5 secs. Minimum LSA arrival 1 secs
 LSA group pacing timer 240 secs
 Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs
 Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs
 Number of external LSA 1. Checksum Sum 0x00A5F3
 Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
 Number of DCbitless external and opaque AS LSA 0
 Number of DoNotAge external and opaque AS LSA 0
 Number of areas in this router is 2. 1 normal 1 stub 0 nssa
 External flood list length 0
    Area BACKBONE(0)
        Number of interfaces in this area is 1
        Area has no authentication
        SPF algorithm last executed 00:18:15.296 ago
        SPF algorithm executed 5 times
        Area ranges are
        Number of LSA 7. Checksum Sum 0x024504
        Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
        Number of DCbitless LSA 0
        Number of indication LSA 0
        Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
        Flood list length 0
    Area 1
        Number of interfaces in this area is 2
        It is a stub area
          generates stub default route with cost 20
        Area has no authentication
        SPF algorithm last executed 00:06:41.832 ago
        SPF algorithm executed 14 times
        Area ranges are
        Number of LSA 6. Checksum Sum 0x020E81
        Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
        Number of DCbitless LSA 0
        Number of indication LSA 0
        Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
        Flood list length 0
R3#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.2.1 to network 0.0.0.0

 

     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       4.4.4.4 [110/65] via 192.168.3.2, 00:06:58, Serial1/1
O    192.168.4.0/24 [110/65] via 192.168.3.2, 00:06:58, Serial1/1
                    [110/65] via 192.168.2.1, 00:06:58, Serial1/0
O IA 192.168.1.0/24 [110/128] via 192.168.2.1, 00:06:58, Serial1/0
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1
O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/84] via 192.168.2.1, 00:01:52, Serial1/0