分区管理fdisk
前言
在linux系统中我们来添加一块新硬盘进行分区.运用fdisk工具进行分区。
前言
在linux系统中我们来添加一块新硬盘进行分区.运用fdisk工具进行分区。
[root@mxl ~]# fdisk –l 是查看分区
Disk /dev/hda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes这里是新加的硬盘的容量
15 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17753 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 945 * 512 = 483840 bytes
这里是我们新加的一块IDE接口的硬盘，IDE 接口的硬盘都用hd表示这里是第一块
Disk /dev/hda doesn't contain a valid partition table
这句话的大概意思是此块硬盘没有进行分区
Disk /dev/sda: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 144 1052257+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 145 1958 14570955 83 Linux
这些是我们以前的磁盘分区，这些不是以IDE接口进行连接的，
Disk /dev/hda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes这里是新加的硬盘的容量
15 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17753 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 945 * 512 = 483840 bytes
这里是我们新加的一块IDE接口的硬盘，IDE 接口的硬盘都用hd表示这里是第一块
Disk /dev/hda doesn't contain a valid partition table
这句话的大概意思是此块硬盘没有进行分区
Disk /dev/sda: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 144 1052257+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 145 1958 14570955 83 Linux
这些是我们以前的磁盘分区，这些不是以IDE接口进行连接的，
下面我们来对新加的硬盘进行分区，方法与步骤如下：
1、 创建分区
1、 创建分区
[root@mxl ~]# fdisk /dev/had 对新加的硬盘进行分区
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 17753.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help):
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 17753.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help):
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag 将分区设置为启动区
b edit bsd disklabel 编辑bsd的disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag 设置该分区为dos分区
d delete a partition 删除分区
l list known partition types 列出已知的分区类型
m print this menu 打印帮助列表
n add a new partition 创建新分区
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table查看分区信息
q quit without saving changes 退出不保存
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id改变分区类型
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit 保存退出
x extra functionality (experts only)
这些都是分区时要加的参数，
下面我们进入正题
Command (m for help): n 输入N后可以创建主分区和扩展分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
说明一点必需建立扩展分区才能创建逻辑分区。
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-17753, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-17753, default 17753): +2048M
第一主分区完毕
创建第二主分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (4235-17753, default 4235):
Using default value 4235
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (4235-17753, default 17753): +1024M完毕
创建第三主分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (6352-17753, default 6352):
Using default value 6352
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (6352-17753, default 17753): +1024M完毕
创建扩展分区和逻辑分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e
Selected partition 4
First cylinder (8469-17753, default 8469):
Using default value 8469
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (8469-17753, default 17753):
Using default value 17753
Command (m for help): p 查看分区信息
Disk /dev/hda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
15 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17753 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 945 * 512 = 483840 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 1 4234 2000533+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda2 4235 6351 1000282+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda3 6352 8468 1000282+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda4 8469 17753 4387162+ 5 Extended
Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (8469-17753, default 8469):
Using default value 8469
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (8469-17753, default 17753):
创建扩展分区完毕我们把所有剩余的空间都给它
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag 将分区设置为启动区
b edit bsd disklabel 编辑bsd的disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag 设置该分区为dos分区
d delete a partition 删除分区
l list known partition types 列出已知的分区类型
m print this menu 打印帮助列表
n add a new partition 创建新分区
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table查看分区信息
q quit without saving changes 退出不保存
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id改变分区类型
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit 保存退出
x extra functionality (experts only)
这些都是分区时要加的参数，
下面我们进入正题
Command (m for help): n 输入N后可以创建主分区和扩展分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
说明一点必需建立扩展分区才能创建逻辑分区。
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-17753, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-17753, default 17753): +2048M
第一主分区完毕
创建第二主分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (4235-17753, default 4235):
Using default value 4235
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (4235-17753, default 17753): +1024M完毕
创建第三主分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (6352-17753, default 6352):
Using default value 6352
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (6352-17753, default 17753): +1024M完毕
创建扩展分区和逻辑分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e
Selected partition 4
First cylinder (8469-17753, default 8469):
Using default value 8469
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (8469-17753, default 17753):
Using default value 17753
Command (m for help): p 查看分区信息
Disk /dev/hda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
15 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17753 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 945 * 512 = 483840 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 1 4234 2000533+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda2 4235 6351 1000282+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda3 6352 8468 1000282+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda4 8469 17753 4387162+ 5 Extended
Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (8469-17753, default 8469):
Using default value 8469
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (8469-17753, default 17753):
创建扩展分区完毕我们把所有剩余的空间都给它
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/hda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
15 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17753 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 945 * 512 = 483840 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 1 4234 2000533+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda2 4235 6351 1000282+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda3 6352 8468 1000282+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda4 8469 17753 4387162+ 5 Extended
/dev/hda5 8469 10585 1000251 83 Linux
查看分区信息可以看到
如查在想创建更多的逻辑分区按上面的方法一此类推
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks.
保存退出
格式化文件系统
[root@mxl ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/hda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
15 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17753 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 945 * 512 = 483840 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 1 4234 2000533+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda2 4235 6351 1000282+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda3 6352 8468 1000282+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda4 8469 17753 4387162+ 5 Extended
/dev/hda5 8469 10585 1000251 83 Linux
/dev/hda6 10586 14819 2000533+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda7 14820 16936 1000251 83 Linux
/dev/hda8 16937 17753 386001 83 Linux
下面对这些文件进行格式化
Disk /dev/sda: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
[root@mxl ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/hdb1 格式化
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Could not stat /dev/hdb1 --- No such file or directory
The device apparently does not exist; did you specify it correctly?
[root@mxl ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/hda1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
250368 inodes, 500133 blocks
25006 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=515899392
16 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
15648 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
格式化完毕 如果对其它的分区进行格式化方法同上
现在我们只需要把把格式化的分区接载到系统的某个文件中就可以使用，下面是挂载的方法以apache为例
[root@mxl ~]# mkdir /mnt/apache 在/mnt下创建一个apache目录
[root@mxl ~]# mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/apache 这个就是挂载了
查看我们挂载的信息
[root@mxl ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
文件系统 容量 已用 未用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3 14G 3.6G 9.2G 29% /
/dev/sda1 99M 12M 83M 12% /boot
tmpfs 128M 0 128M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hda1 1.9G 35M 1.8G 2% /mnt/apache
查看文件目录大小
[root@mxl /]# du -h |more
208K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/conf/extra
320K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/conf
32K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/error/include
304K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/error
56K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/docroot
520K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/icons/small
1.8M ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/icons
24K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/cgi-examples
140K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/man
320K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/manual/p_w_picpaths
620K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/manual/vhosts
300K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/manual/developer
180K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/manual/rewrite
6.5M ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/manual/mod
432K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/manual/misc
668K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/manual/programs
248K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/manual/ssl
28K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/manual/faq
16K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/manual/style/xsl/util
--More--
Disk /dev/hda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
15 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17753 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 945 * 512 = 483840 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 1 4234 2000533+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda2 4235 6351 1000282+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda3 6352 8468 1000282+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda4 8469 17753 4387162+ 5 Extended
/dev/hda5 8469 10585 1000251 83 Linux
查看分区信息可以看到
如查在想创建更多的逻辑分区按上面的方法一此类推
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks.
保存退出
格式化文件系统
[root@mxl ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/hda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
15 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17753 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 945 * 512 = 483840 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 1 4234 2000533+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda2 4235 6351 1000282+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda3 6352 8468 1000282+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda4 8469 17753 4387162+ 5 Extended
/dev/hda5 8469 10585 1000251 83 Linux
/dev/hda6 10586 14819 2000533+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda7 14820 16936 1000251 83 Linux
/dev/hda8 16937 17753 386001 83 Linux
下面对这些文件进行格式化
Disk /dev/sda: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
[root@mxl ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/hdb1 格式化
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Could not stat /dev/hdb1 --- No such file or directory
The device apparently does not exist; did you specify it correctly?
[root@mxl ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/hda1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
250368 inodes, 500133 blocks
25006 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=515899392
16 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
15648 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
格式化完毕 如果对其它的分区进行格式化方法同上
现在我们只需要把把格式化的分区接载到系统的某个文件中就可以使用，下面是挂载的方法以apache为例
[root@mxl ~]# mkdir /mnt/apache 在/mnt下创建一个apache目录
[root@mxl ~]# mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/apache 这个就是挂载了
查看我们挂载的信息
[root@mxl ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
文件系统 容量 已用 未用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3 14G 3.6G 9.2G 29% /
/dev/sda1 99M 12M 83M 12% /boot
tmpfs 128M 0 128M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hda1 1.9G 35M 1.8G 2% /mnt/apache
查看文件目录大小
[root@mxl /]# du -h |more
208K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/conf/extra
320K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/conf
32K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/error/include
304K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/error
56K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/docroot
520K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/icons/small
1.8M ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/icons
24K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/cgi-examples
140K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/man
320K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/manual/p_w_picpaths
620K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/manual/vhosts
300K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/manual/developer
180K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/manual/rewrite
6.5M ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/manual/mod
432K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/manual/misc
668K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/manual/programs
248K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/manual/ssl
28K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/manual/faq
16K ./media/httpd-2.2.8/docs/manual/style/xsl/util
--More--
修改分区类型
[root@mxl ~]# fdisk /dev/hda
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 17753.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): t
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-8): 3
Hex code (type L to list codes): L l是查看分区类型
0 Empty 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot
1 FAT12 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
6 FAT16 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
7 HPFS/NTFS 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee EFI GPT
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fd Linux raid auto
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fe LANstep
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid ff BBT
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX
Hex code (type L to list codes): 82 这里的意思就是把此分区划分给swap做为虚拟内存
Changed system type of partition 3 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris)
[root@mxl ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/hda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
15 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17753 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 945 * 512 = 483840 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 1 4234 2000533+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda2 4235 6351 1000282+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda3 6352 8468 1000282+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
修改成功
下面我们进行挂载才能使其生效
[root@mxl ~]# fdisk /dev/hda
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 17753.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): t
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-8): 3
Hex code (type L to list codes): L l是查看分区类型
0 Empty 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot
1 FAT12 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
6 FAT16 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
7 HPFS/NTFS 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee EFI GPT
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fd Linux raid auto
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fe LANstep
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid ff BBT
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX
Hex code (type L to list codes): 82 这里的意思就是把此分区划分给swap做为虚拟内存
Changed system type of partition 3 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris)
[root@mxl ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/hda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
15 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17753 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 945 * 512 = 483840 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 1 4234 2000533+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda2 4235 6351 1000282+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda3 6352 8468 1000282+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
修改成功
下面我们进行挂载才能使其生效
使用parted进行分区管理
[root@mxl /]# parted
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/hda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) select /dev/sdb 选择要配置的磁盘
Using /dev/sdb
(parted)
(parted) mkpart primary ext3 1 1024.
Error: Unable to open /dev/sdb - unrecognised disk label. 提示找不到磁盘标签
我们要创意标签即可
(parted) mklabel msdos
(parted) mkpart primary ext3 1 1024
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 8590MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 0.51kB 1024MB 1024MB primary
主分区创建成功
创建扩展分区
(parted) mkpart extended 3072 8000
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 8590MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 0.51kB 1024MB 1024MB primary
2 1024MB 2048MB 1024MB primary
3 2048MB 3072MB 1024MB primary
4 3072MB 8000MB 4928MB extended lba
(parted) mkpart primary ext3 1 1024
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 8590MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 0.51kB 1024MB 1024MB primary
主分区创建成功
创建扩展分区
(parted) mkpart extended 3072 8000
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 8590MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 0.51kB 1024MB 1024MB primary
2 1024MB 2048MB 1024MB primary
3 2048MB 3072MB 1024MB primary
4 3072MB 8000MB 4928MB extended lba
创建逻辑分区
(parted) mkpart logical 3072 4000
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 8590MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 0.51kB 1024MB 1024MB primary
2 1024MB 2048MB 1024MB primary
3 2048MB 3072MB 1024MB primary
4 3072MB 8000MB 4928MB extended lba
5 3072MB 4000MB 928MB logical
(parted) mkpart logical 4000 5204
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 8590MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 0.51kB 1024MB 1024MB primary
2 1024MB 2048MB 1024MB primary
3 2048MB 3072MB 1024MB primary
4 3072MB 8000MB 4928MB extended lba
5 3072MB 4000MB 928MB logical
6 4000MB 5204MB 1204MB logical
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 8590MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 0.51kB 1024MB 1024MB primary
2 1024MB 2048MB 1024MB primary
3 2048MB 3072MB 1024MB primary
4 3072MB 8000MB 4928MB extended lba
5 3072MB 4000MB 928MB logical
(parted) mkpart logical 4000 5204
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 8590MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 0.51kB 1024MB 1024MB primary
2 1024MB 2048MB 1024MB primary
3 2048MB 3072MB 1024MB primary
4 3072MB 8000MB 4928MB extended lba
5 3072MB 4000MB 928MB logical
6 4000MB 5204MB 1204MB logical
将磁盘加载到系统中
方法一：手工加载
[root@mxl /]# mount -t ext3 /dev/hda3 /apache
[root@mxl /]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 14G 3.6G 9.2G 29% /
/dev/sda1 99M 12M 83M 12% /boot
tmpfs 128M 0 128M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hda3 962M 18M 896M 2% /apache
方法二：系统启动自动加载
我们只需要对下面的文件进行添加即可
[root@mxl etc]# cat fstab
LABEL=/ 设备 / 挂载点 文件类型ext3 defaults 1 1
LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
这里的0与1代表
前一个0代表不检查后一个0代表不运行，前一个1代表检查文件系统是否需要备份后一个1代表运行就是检查文件系统
这里的2代表非正常关机或者达到最大加载次数一定天数才运行。
如果让系统开机就加载某个分区我们要必需在/etc/fstab加入一行
[root@mxl etc]# vi fstab
LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1
LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/hda3 /apache ext3 defaults 0 0
重启系统再次查看
[root@mxl ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 14G 3.6G 9.2G 29% /
/dev/sda1 99M 12M 83M 12% /boot
tmpfs 128M 0 128M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hda3 962M 18M 896M 2% /apache
自动加载成功
交换空间管理
添加新内存后对虚拟内存进行的设置
查看一下内存的大小
[root@mxl /]# free
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 229540 200124 29416 0 31984 81168
-/+ buffers/cache: 86972 142568
Swap: 1534196 0 1534196实际虚拟内存大小
方法一：手工加载
[root@mxl /]# mount -t ext3 /dev/hda3 /apache
[root@mxl /]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 14G 3.6G 9.2G 29% /
/dev/sda1 99M 12M 83M 12% /boot
tmpfs 128M 0 128M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hda3 962M 18M 896M 2% /apache
方法二：系统启动自动加载
我们只需要对下面的文件进行添加即可
[root@mxl etc]# cat fstab
LABEL=/ 设备 / 挂载点 文件类型ext3 defaults 1 1
LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
这里的0与1代表
前一个0代表不检查后一个0代表不运行，前一个1代表检查文件系统是否需要备份后一个1代表运行就是检查文件系统
这里的2代表非正常关机或者达到最大加载次数一定天数才运行。
如果让系统开机就加载某个分区我们要必需在/etc/fstab加入一行
[root@mxl etc]# vi fstab
LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1
LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/hda3 /apache ext3 defaults 0 0
重启系统再次查看
[root@mxl ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 14G 3.6G 9.2G 29% /
/dev/sda1 99M 12M 83M 12% /boot
tmpfs 128M 0 128M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hda3 962M 18M 896M 2% /apache
自动加载成功
交换空间管理
添加新内存后对虚拟内存进行的设置
查看一下内存的大小
[root@mxl /]# free
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 229540 200124 29416 0 31984 81168
-/+ buffers/cache: 86972 142568
Swap: 1534196 0 1534196实际虚拟内存大小
下面来对虚拟内存进行修改
[root@mxl /]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 204 1534207+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 205 1305 8843782+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 125 1004031 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 126 250 1004062+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 251 1044 6377805 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 251 500 2008093+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sdb是我新加的一块硬盘关于对新加硬盘的分区挂载上面已经学过这里就不在详细介绍.我们就以为个新加的硬盘为来增加虚拟内存的大小
/dev/sdb5就是我要为给虚拟内存的分区,当然我们要让系统重启时自动加载就需要在/etc/fstab加上一行即,上面也介绍了加入的例子了
[root@mxl /]# mkswap /dev/sdb5
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 2056282 kB
[root@mxl /]# swapon /dev/sdb5
[root@mxl /]# free
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 229540 200772 28768 0 31992 81188
-/+ buffers/cache: 87592 141948
Swap: 3542280 0 3542280 虚拟内存的变化
[root@mxl /]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 204 1534207+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 205 1305 8843782+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 125 1004031 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 126 250 1004062+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 251 1044 6377805 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 251 500 2008093+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sdb是我新加的一块硬盘关于对新加硬盘的分区挂载上面已经学过这里就不在详细介绍.我们就以为个新加的硬盘为来增加虚拟内存的大小
/dev/sdb5就是我要为给虚拟内存的分区,当然我们要让系统重启时自动加载就需要在/etc/fstab加上一行即,上面也介绍了加入的例子了
[root@mxl /]# mkswap /dev/sdb5
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 2056282 kB
[root@mxl /]# swapon /dev/sdb5
[root@mxl /]# free
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 229540 200772 28768 0 31992 81188
-/+ buffers/cache: 87592 141948
Swap: 3542280 0 3542280 虚拟内存的变化
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/haoyou168/83021
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