[问题解决] Python实现final这个功能

为什么80%的码农都做不了架构师？>>>   

今天在学习设计模式的时候突发奇想，可不可以实现JAVA中的一些内容呢？

比如 final。

final在Java中是一个保留的关键字，可以声明成员变量、方法、类以及本地变量。一旦你将引用声明作final，你将不能改变这个引用了，编译器会检查代码，如果你试图将变量再次初始化的话，编译器会报编译错误。

修饰类

当用final修饰一个类时，表明这个类不能被继承。

class Father(object):
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if cls != Father:
            raise Exception('This class cannot be inherited.')
        return super(Father, cls).__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)

    def __init__(self):
        print("Class Father")

class Son(Father):
    def __init__(self):
        print('Class Son')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    f = Father()
    s = Son()

运行结果：

E:\Anaconda\python.exe F:/PythonSpace/ClassMethod/test.py
Class Father
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "F:/PythonSpace/ClassMethod/test.py", line 16, in <module>
    s = Son()
  File "F:/PythonSpace/ClassMethod/test.py", line 4, in __new__
    raise Exception('This class cannot be inherited.')
Exception: This class cannot be inherited.

修饰方法

明确禁止该方法在子类中被覆盖。

class Father(object):
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if cls != Father and 'show' in cls.__dict__.keys():
            raise Exception('This method cannot be rewritten.')
        return super(Father, cls).__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)

    def show(self):
        print("Class Father")

class Son(Father):
    def show(self):  #删除后就不会报错
        pass

if __name__ == '__main__':
    f = Father()
    f.show()
    s = Son()
    s.show()

运行结果：

E:\Anaconda\python.exe F:/PythonSpace/ClassMethod/test.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
Class Father
  File "F:/PythonSpace/ClassMethod/test.py", line 17, in <module>
    s = Son()
  File "F:/PythonSpace/ClassMethod/test.py", line 4, in __new__
    raise Exception('This method cannot be rewritten.')
Exception: This method cannot be rewritten.

修饰变量

对于一个final变量，其数值一旦在初始化之后便不能更改。

class Father(object):
    __final = 1
    def __setattr__(self, key, value):
        if key == '_Father__final':
            raise Exception('Property cannot be changed after initialization.')
        else:
            self.__dict__[key] = value

    def __init__(self):
        self.__final = 2


if __name__ == '__main__':
    f = Father()

运行结果：

E:\Anaconda\python.exe F:/PythonSpace/ClassMethod/test.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "F:/PythonSpace/ClassMethod/test.py", line 14, in <module>
    f = Father()
  File "F:/PythonSpace/ClassMethod/test.py", line 10, in __init__
    self.__final = 2
  File "F:/PythonSpace/ClassMethod/test.py", line 5, in __setattr__
    raise Exception('Property cannot be changed after initialization.')
Exception: Property cannot be changed after initialization.

结束语

以上只是本人观点，难免有不足之处，只做参考，不做考究。

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/gain/blog/3001487