python关键字final_[问题解决] Python实现final这个功能

今天在学习设计模式的时候突发奇想，可不可以实现JAVA中的一些内容呢？

比如 final。

final在Java中是一个保留的关键字，可以声明成员变量、方法、类以及本地变量。一旦你将引用声明作final，你将不能改变这个引用了，编译器会检查代码，如果你试图将变量再次初始化的话，编译器会报编译错误。

修饰类

当用final修饰一个类时，表明这个类不能被继承。

class Father(object):

def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):

if cls != Father:

raise Exception('This class cannot be inherited.')

return super(Father, cls).__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)

def __init__(self):

print("Class Father")

class Son(Father):

def __init__(self):

print('Class Son')

if __name__ == '__main__':

f = Father()

s = Son()

运行结果：

E:\Anaconda\python.exe F:/PythonSpace/ClassMethod/test.py

Class Father

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "F:/PythonSpace/ClassMethod/test.py", line 16, in

s = Son()

File "F:/PythonSpace/ClassMethod/test.py", line 4, in __new__

raise Exception('This class cannot be inherited.')

Exception: This class cannot be inherited.

修饰方法

明确禁止该方法在子类中被覆盖。

class Father(object):

def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):

if cls != Father and 'show' in cls.__dict__.keys():

raise Exception('This method cannot be rewritten.')

return super(Father, cls).__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)

def show(self):

print("Class Father")

class Son(Father):

def show(self): #删除后就不会报错

pass

if __name__ == '__main__':

f = Father()

f.show()

s = Son()

s.show()

运行结果：

E:\Anaconda\python.exe F:/PythonSpace/ClassMethod/test.py

Traceback (most recent call last):

Class Father

File "F:/PythonSpace/ClassMethod/test.py", line 17, in

s = Son()

File "F:/PythonSpace/ClassMethod/test.py", line 4, in __new__

raise Exception('This method cannot be rewritten.')

Exception: This method cannot be rewritten.

修饰变量

对于一个final变量，其数值一旦在初始化之后便不能更改。

class Father(object):

__final = 1

def __setattr__(self, key, value):

if key == '_Father__final':

raise Exception('Property cannot be changed after initialization.')

else:

self.__dict__[key] = value

def __init__(self):

self.__final = 2

if __name__ == '__main__':

f = Father()

运行结果：

E:\Anaconda\python.exe F:/PythonSpace/ClassMethod/test.py

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "F:/PythonSpace/ClassMethod/test.py", line 14, in

f = Father()

File "F:/PythonSpace/ClassMethod/test.py", line 10, in __init__

self.__final = 2

File "F:/PythonSpace/ClassMethod/test.py", line 5, in __setattr__

raise Exception('Property cannot be changed after initialization.')

Exception: Property cannot be changed after initialization.

结束语

以上只是本人观点，难免有不足之处，只做参考，不做考究。