一、简介
JAXB(Java Architecture for XML Binding) 是一个业界的标准,是一项可以根据XML Schema产生Java类的技术。该过程中,JAXB也提供了将XML实例文档反向生成Java对象树的方法,并能将Java对象树的内容重新写到 XML实例文档。
Jaxb 2.0是JDK 1.6的组成部分。我们不需要下载第三方jar包 即可做到轻松转换。Jaxb2使用了JDK的新特性,如:Annotation、GenericType等,需要在即将转换的JavaBean中添加annotation注解。
二、重要概念
JAXBContext类,是应用的入口,用于管理XML/Java绑定信息。
Marshaller接口,将Java对象序列化为XML数据。
Unmarshaller接口,将XML数据反序列化为Java对象。
@XmlType,将Java类或枚举类型映射到XML模式类型,用在class类的注解,常与@XmlRootElement,@XmlAccessorType一起使用。它有三个属性:name、propOrder、namespace,经常使用的只有前两个属性。如:
@XmlType(name = "basicStruct", propOrder = {
"intValue",
"stringArray",
"stringValue"
)
在使用@XmlType的propOrder 属性时,必须列出JavaBean对象中的所有属性,否则会报错。
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD) ,控制字段或属性的序列化。用于指定由java对象生成xml文件时对java对象属性的访问方式。常与@XmlRootElement、@XmlType一起使用。它的属性值是XmlAccessType的4个枚举值,分别为:
XmlAccessType.FIELD:java对象中的所有成员变量
XmlAccessType.PROPERTY:java对象中所有通过getter/setter方式访问的成员变量
XmlAccessType.PUBLIC_MEMBER:java对象中所有的public访问权限的成员变量和通过getter/setter方式访问的成员变量
XmlAccessType.NONE:java对象的所有属性都不映射为xml的元素
注意:
@XmlAccessorType的默认访问级别是XmlAccessType.PUBLIC_MEMBER,因此,如果java对象中的private成员变量设置了public权限的getter/setter方法,就不要在private变量上使用@XmlElement和@XmlAttribute注解,否则在由java对象生成xml时会报同一个属性在java类里存在两次的错误。
同理,如果@XmlAccessorType的访问权限为XmlAccessType.NONE,如果在java的成员变量上使用了@XmlElement或@XmlAttribute注解,这些成员变量依然可以映射到xml文件。
@XmlRootElement,将Java类或枚举类型映射到XML元素。用于类级别的注解,对应xml的跟元素,常与 @XmlType 和 @XmlAccessorType一起使用。如:
@XmlType
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
@XmlRootElement
public class Address {}
@XmlElement,将Java类的一个属性映射到与属性同名的一个XML元素。在使用@XmlElement时,可通过name属性改变java对象属性在xml中显示的名称。如:
@XmlElement(name="Address")
private String yourAddress;
@XmlAttribute,将Java类的一个属性映射到与属性同名的一个XML属性。用于把java对象的属性映射为xml的属性,并可通过name属性为生成的xml属性指定别名。如:
@XmlAttribute(name="Country")
private String state;
@XmlElementWrapper ,对于数组或集合(即包含多个元素的成员变量),生成一个包装该数组或集合的XML元素(称为包装器)。
@XmlAccessorOrder,控制JAXB 绑定类中属性和字段的排序。用于对java对象生成的xml元素进行排序。它有两个属性值:
AccessorOrder.ALPHABETICAL:对生成的xml元素按字母书序排序
XmlAccessOrder.UNDEFINED:不排序
@XmlTransient,用于标示在由java对象映射xml时,忽略此属性。即,在生成的xml文件中不出现此元素。
@XmlJavaTypeAdapter,使用定制的适配器(即扩展抽象类XmlAdapter并覆盖marshal()和unmarshal()方法),以序列化Java类为XML。常用在转换比较复杂的对象时,如map类型或者格式化日期等。使用此注解时,需要自己写一个adapter类继承XmlAdapter抽象类,并实现里面的方法。
@XmlJavaTypeAdapter(value=xxx.class),value为自己定义的adapter类
XmlAdapter如下:
public abstract class XmlAdapter<ValueType,BoundType> {
// Do-nothing constructor for the derived classes.
protected XmlAdapter() {}
// Convert a value type to a bound type.
public abstract BoundType unmarshal(ValueType v);
// Convert a bound type to a value type.
public abstract ValueType marshal(BoundType v);
}
三.示例
1.Shop.java
package jaxb.shop;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessOrder;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAttribute;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElementWrapper;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorOrder;
@XmlAccessorOrder(XmlAccessOrder.ALPHABETICAL)
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
@XmlType(name = "shop", propOrder = { "name", "number", "describer", "address","orders" })
@XmlRootElement(name = "CHMart")
public class Shop {
@XmlAttribute
private String name;
// @XmlElement
private String number;
@XmlElement
private String describer;
@XmlElementWrapper(name = "orders")
@XmlElement(name = "order")
private Set<Order> orders;
@XmlElement
private Address address;
public Shop() {
}
public Shop(String name, String number, String describer, Address address) {
this.name = name;
this.number = number;
this.describer = describer;
this.address = address;
}
getter/setter略
//同时使用了@XmlType(propOrder={})和@XmlAccessorOrder(XmlAccessOrder.ALPHABETICAL),但是生成的xml只按照propOrder定义的顺序生成元素
2.Order.java
package jaxb.shop;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAttribute;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.XmlJavaTypeAdapter;
@XmlType(name="order",propOrder={"shopName","orderNumber","price","amount","purDate","customer"})
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
@XmlRootElement
public class Order {
// @XmlElement
private String shopName;
@XmlAttribute
private String orderNumber;
// @XmlElement
@XmlJavaTypeAdapter(value=DateAdapter.class)
private Date purDate;
// @XmlElement
private BigDecimal price;
// @XmlElement
private int amount;
// @XmlElement
private Customer customer;
public Order() {
}
public Order(String shopName, String orderNumber, Date purDate,
BigDecimal price, int amount) {
this.shopName = shopName;
this.orderNumber = orderNumber;
this.purDate = purDate;
this.price = price;
this.amount = amount;
}
getter/setter略
//@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD),所以此处注释掉了@XmlElement,xml中依然会生成这些元素
3.Customer.java
package jaxb.shop;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAttribute;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType;
@XmlType
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
@XmlRootElement
public class Customer {
@XmlAttribute
private String name;
private String gender;
private String phoneNo;
private Address address;
private Set<Order> orders;
public Customer() {
}
public Customer(String name, String gender, String phoneNo, Address address) {
this.name = name;
this.gender = gender;
this.phoneNo = phoneNo;
this.address = address;
}
getter/setter略
4.Address.java
package jaxb.shop;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAttribute;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessOrder;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorOrder;
@XmlType(propOrder={"state","province","city","street","zip"})
@XmlAccessorOrder(XmlAccessOrder.ALPHABETICAL)
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.NONE)
@XmlRootElement
public class Address {
@XmlAttribute
private String state;
@XmlElement
private String province;
@XmlElement
private String city;
@XmlElement
private String street;
@XmlElement
private String zip;
public Address() {
super();
}
public Address(String state, String province, String city, String street,
String zip) {
super();
this.state = state;
this.province = province;
this.city = city;
this.street = street;
this.zip = zip;
}
getter/setter略
//注意:虽然@XmlAccessorType为XmlAccessType.NONE,但是在java类的私有属性上加了@XmlAttribute和@XmlElement注解后,这些私有成员会映射生成xml的元素
5.DateAdapter.java
package jaxb.shop;
import java.util.Date;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.XmlAdapter;
public class DateAdapter extends XmlAdapter<String, Date> {
private String pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
SimpleDateFormat fmt = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);
@Override
public Date unmarshal(String dateStr) throws Exception {
return fmt.parse(dateStr);
}
@Override
public String marshal(Date date) throws Exception {
return fmt.format(date);
}
}
//用于格式化日期在xml中的显示格式,并且由xml unmarshal为java对象时,将字符串解析为Date对象
6.ShopTest.java
package jaxb.shop;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext;
import javax.xml.bind.JAXBException;
import javax.xml.bind.Marshaller;
import javax.xml.bind.Unmarshaller;
public class ShopTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws JAXBException, IOException{
Set<Order> orders = new HashSet<Order>();
Address address1 = new Address("China", "ShangHai", "ShangHai", "Huang", "200000");
Customer customer1 = new Customer("Jim", "male", "13699990000", address1);
Order order1 = new Order("Mart", "LH59900", new Date(), new BigDecimal(60), 1);
order1.setCustomer(customer1);
Address address2 = new Address("China", "JiangSu", "NanJing", "ZhongYangLu", "210000");
Customer customer2 = new Customer("David", "male", "13699991000", address2);
Order order2 = new Order("Mart", "LH59800", new Date(), new BigDecimal(80), 1);
order2.setCustomer(customer2);
orders.add(order1);
orders.add(order2);
Address address3 = new Address("China", "ZheJiang", "HangZhou", "XiHuRoad", "310000");
Shop shop = new Shop("CHMart", "100000", "EveryThing",address3);
shop.setOrder(orders);
FileWriter writer = null;
JAXBContext context = JAXBContext.newInstance(Shop.class);
try {
Marshaller marshal = context.createMarshaller();
marshal.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT, true);
marshal.marshal(shop, System.out);
writer = new FileWriter("shop.xml");
marshal.marshal(shop, writer);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Unmarshaller unmarshal = context.createUnmarshaller();
FileReader reader = new FileReader("shop.xml") ;
Shop shop1 = (Shop)unmarshal.unmarshal(reader);
Set<Order> orders1 = shop1.getOrder();
for(Order order : orders1){
System.out.println("***************************");
System.out.println(order.getOrderNumber());
System.out.println(order.getCustomer().getName());
System.out.println("***************************");
}
}
}
7.生成的xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<CHMart name="CHMart">
<number>100000</number>
<describer>EveryThing</describer>
<address state="China">
<province>ZheJiang</province>
<city>HangZhou</city>
<street>XiHuRoad</street>
<zip>310000</zip>
</address>
<orders>
<order orderNumber="LH59800">
<shopName>Mart</shopName>
<price>80</price>
<amount>1</amount>
<purDate>2012-03-25 12:57:23</purDate>
<customer name="David">
<gender>male</gender>
<phoneNo>13699991000</phoneNo>
<address state="China">
<province>JiangSu</province>
<city>NanJing</city>
<street>ZhongYangLu</street>
<zip>210000</zip>
</address>
</customer>
</order>
<order orderNumber="LH59900">
<shopName>Mart</shopName>
<price>60</price>
<amount>1</amount>
<purDate>2012-03-25 12:57:23</purDate>
<customer name="Jim">
<gender>male</gender>
<phoneNo>13699990000</phoneNo>
<address state="China">
<province>ShangHai</province>
<city>ShangHai</city>
<street>Huang</street>
<zip>200000</zip>
</address>
</customer>
</order>
</orders>
</CHMart>