rbind 扩展行方式合并, cbind扩展列方式合并

使用R, 将多个矩阵合并为一个矩阵, 合并时可以选择行扩展或列扩展的方式进行合并.

rbind, cbind不仅可以合并矩阵, 还可以合并数据框, 向量.

例如 : 

> x <- 1:10
> y <- matrix(1:12, 3, 4)
> x
 [1]  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10
> y
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    1    4    7   10
[2,]    2    5    8   11
[3,]    3    6    9   12

行合并时, 如果长度不匹配, 会告警, 例如x是向量, 插入第一行(取4个值和矩阵列宽匹配).

> rbind(x,y)
  [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
x    1    2    3    4
     1    4    7   10
     2    5    8   11
     3    6    9   12
Warning message:
In rbind(x, y) :
  number of columns of result is not a multiple of vector length (arg 1)

列合并时, 如果长度不匹配, 会告警, 例如x是向量, 插入第一列(取3个值和矩阵行宽匹配).

> cbind(x,y)
     x         
[1,] 1 1 4 7 10
[2,] 2 2 5 8 11
[3,] 3 3 6 9 12
Warning message:
In cbind(x, y) :
  number of rows of result is not a multiple of vector length (arg 1)

如果是两个向量合并, 返回1个矩阵, 例如  : 

> z <- 2:11
> rbind(x,z)
  [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10]
x    1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9    10
z    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9   10    11
> cbind(x,z)
       x  z
 [1,]  1  2
 [2,]  2  3
 [3,]  3  4
 [4,]  4  5
 [5,]  5  6
 [6,]  6  7
 [7,]  7  8
 [8,]  8  9
 [9,]  9 10
[10,] 10 11

如果是两个矩阵合并, 必须在合并时行或列宽匹配.

> x <- matrix(1:12, 3,4)
> x
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    1    4    7   10
[2,]    2    5    8   11
[3,]    3    6    9   12
> y <- matrix(2:13, 3,4)
> y
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    2    5    8   11
[2,]    3    6    9   12
[3,]    4    7   10   13

行合并, 将y逐行添加到x的下方. 所以y,x列宽必须相等

> rbind(x,y)
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    1    4    7   10
[2,]    2    5    8   11
[3,]    3    6    9   12
[4,]    2    5    8   11
[5,]    3    6    9   12
[6,]    4    7   10   13

列合并, 将y逐列添加到x的右方. 所以y,x行宽必须相等

> cbind(x,y)
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8]
[1,]    1    4    7   10    2    5    8   11
[2,]    2    5    8   11    3    6    9   12
[3,]    3    6    9   12    4    7   10   13

列合并时, 如果两个矩阵的行宽不相等, 报错.

> y <- matrix(1:16, 4,4)
> cbind(x,y)
Error in cbind(x, y) : number of rows of matrices must match (see arg 2)
> rbind(x,y)
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    1    4    7   10
[2,]    2    5    8   11
[3,]    3    6    9   12
[4,]    1    5    9   13
[5,]    2    6   10   14
[6,]    3    7   11   15
[7,]    4    8   12   16

调换矩阵参数顺序, 合并的顺序也调换.

> rbind(y,x)
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    1    5    9   13
[2,]    2    6   10   14
[3,]    3    7   11   15
[4,]    4    8   12   16
[5,]    1    4    7   10
[6,]    2    5    8   11
[7,]    3    6    9   12

[参考]

1. help(rbind)

2. help(cbind)