R语言入门（21）-数据框的数据处理以及数学计算

一、数据框的转置

使用t（）转置

mtcars2 <- t(mtcars)

二、数据框的排序调整

1、按某一单个变量进行排序

利用rev（）实现向量原排序的逆转，但是rev只能对向量使用，所以必须先用rev（）求行名的逆序，再利用索引求出按次序排列的数据框。

> ?rev
> letters
 [1] "a" "b" "c" "d" "e" "f" "g" "h" "i" "j" "k" "l" "m" "n" "o" "p" "q" "r" "s" "t"
[21] "u" "v" "w" "x" "y" "z"
> rev(letters)
 [1] "z" "y" "x" "w" "v" "u" "t" "s" "r" "q" "p" "o" "n" "m" "l" "k" "j" "i" "h" "g"
[21] "f" "e" "d" "c" "b" "a"
> women
   height weight
1      58    115
2      59    117
3      60    120
4      61    123
5      62    126
6      63    129
7      64    132
8      65    135
9      66    139
10     67    142
11     68    146
12     69    150
13     70    154
14     71    159
15     72    164
> rownames(women)
 [1] "1"  "2"  "3"  "4"  "5"  "6"  "7"  "8"  "9"  "10" "11" "12" "13" "14" "15"
> rev(rownames(women))
 [1] "15" "14" "13" "12" "11" "10" "9"  "8"  "7"  "6"  "5"  "4"  "3"  "2"  "1" 
> women[rev(rownames(women)),]

 sort（）进行升序与降序的排序。系统默认升序排序，实际的控制参数是decreasing=T，decreasing=F。

 sort还可以与rev的复合函数实现逆转排序。

> sort(state.name)
 [1] "Alabama"        "Alaska"         "Arizona"        "Arkansas"      
 [5] "California"     "Colorado"       "Connecticut"    "Delaware"      
 [9] "Florida"        "Georgia"        "Hawaii"         "Idaho"         
[13] "Illinois"       "Indiana"        "Iowa"           "Kansas"        
[17] "Kentucky"       "Louisiana"      "Maine"          "Maryland"      
[21] "Massachusetts"  "Michigan"       "Minnesota"