Python3练习

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-16 17:38:03 发布

Mathilda91

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-16 17:38:03 发布

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文章标签： json 数据库 python

Hello Python3

  1 print("Hello Python!")
  2 #print("Hello, Python!");
  3 '''a=1
  4 b=2
  5 c=a+b
  6 print(c)
  7 '''
  8 
  9 #列表：存储多个元素的东西，列表里面的元素是可以重新赋值的
 10 a=[1,"a"]
 11 a[0]=2
 12 #元组：存储多个元素的东西，元组里面的元素不可用重新赋值
 13 b=(1,"b")
 14 #字典
 15 #{key1:value1, key2:value}
 16 #集合
 17 #去重
 18 
 19 #if语句
 20 a=10
 21 b=1
 22 if(a > 9):
 23     print(a)
 24     if(b < 9):
 25         print(b)
 26 
 27 age=18
 28 if(age <= 10):
 29     print("儿童")
 30 elif(age > 10 and age <= 20):
 31     print("青少年")
 32 elif(age > 20):
 33     print("青年")
 34 else:
 35     print("小伙子")
 36 
 37 #while语句
 38 a=0
 39 while(a<10):
 40     print("hello")
 41     a += 1
 42 
 43 #for语句：遍历列表
 44 a=["aa", "bb", "cc", "dd"]
 45 for i in a:
 46     print(i)
 47 #for语句：常规循环
 48 for i in range(0, 10):
 49     print(i)
 50 for i in range(0, 10):
 51     print("AAA")
 52 #中断退出：continue，break
 53 for i in a:
 54     if(i=="cc"):
 55         break
 56     print(i)
 57 for i in a:
 58     if(i=="cc"):
 59         continue
 60     print(i)
 61 #乘法口诀
 62 #end=""表示不换行输出
 63 for i in range(1, 10):
 64     for j in range(1, i+1):
 65         print(str(i) + "*" + str(j) + "=" + str(i*j), end=" ")
 66     print()
 67 print("-----------------------")
 68 for i in range(9, 0, -1):
 69     for j in range(1, i+1):
 70         print(str(i) + "*" + str(j) + "=" + str(i*j), end=" ")
 71     print()
 72 
 73 '''
 74 #作用域
 75 i=10
 76 def func():
 77     j=20
 78     print(j)
 79 print(j)
 80 '''
 81 
 82 #函数
 83 #函数定义格式：
 84 #def 函数名(参数):
 85 #   函数体
 86 
 87 def abc():
 88     print("abcdef")
 89 #调用函数：函数名(参数)
 90 abc()
 91 
 92 def func2(a, b):
 93     if(a > b):
 94         print("a>b")
 95     else:
 96         print("a<=b")
 97 func2(1,2)
 98 func2(5,4)
 99 
100 #模块导入
101 import cgi
102 cgi.closelog()
103 from cgi import closelog
104 
105 #文件操作
106 #打开  open(文件路径, 操作形式)
107 '''
108 w:写
109 r:读
110 b:二进制
111 a:追加
112 '''
113 file = open("D:/python/1.txt", "r")
114 data=file.read()
115 print(data)
116 data=file.readline()
117 print(data)
118 file.close()
119 #文件写入
120 data2="一起学python"
121 file2=open("D:/python/2.txt", "w")
122 file2.write(data2)
123 file2.close()
124 data2="Java"
125 file2=open("D:/python/2.txt", "a+")
126 file2.write(data2)
127 file2.close()
128 
129 #异常处理
130 try:
131     a = 1 / 0
132 except Exception as ex:
133     print(ex)
134 
135 #类
136 class User:
137     def __init__(self):
138         print("无参构造函数")
139 a=User()
140 
141 class Person:
142     def __init__(self, name, age):
143         print("带参数的构造函数，name=" + name + ", age=" + age)
144 c1=Person("zhangsan", str(20))
145 c2=Person("lisi", str(22))
146 
147 class Rabbit:
148     def __init__(self, name, color):
149         self.name = name
150         self.color = color
151     def func1(self):
152         print("aaa");
153     def func2(self, age):
154         print("这个兔子已经" + str(age) + "岁了")
155     def toString(self):
156         print("Rabbit [name=" + self.name + ", color=" + self.color + "]")
157 r1 = Rabbit("流氓兔", "白色")
158 r1.func1()
159 r1.func2(3)
160 r1.toString()
161 
162 #继承
163 class Father():
164     def write(self):
165         print("写作")
166 class Son(Father):
167     pass
168 class Mother():
169     def draw(self):
170         print("画画")
171     def makeDinner(self):
172         print("做饭")
173 class Daughter(Father, Mother):
174     def draw(self):
175         print("素描")
176 son = Son()
177 son.write()
178 daughter = Daughter()
179 daughter.write()
180 daughter.draw()
181 daughter.makeDinner()
182         
183 
184 print("Hello\n" * 3)
185 
186 #str是关键字是函数名不能随便用
187 tmp = input("请输入一个数字：")
188 print(tmp)
189 
190 #递归
191 def factorial(n):
192     if(n == 1):
193         return 1
194     else:
195         return n * factorial(n-1)
196 number = int(input("请输入一个正整数："))
197 result = factorial(number)
198 print("%d的阶乘是%d"%(number, result))
199 
200 
201 def fab(n):
202     if(n == 1 or n == 2):
203         return 1
204     else:
205         return fab(n-1) + fab(n-2)
206 number = int(input("请输入一个正整数："))
207 result = fab(number)
208 print("总共" + str(result) + "对兔子")

数据类型以及传参

  1 # 数据类型
  2 num = 123
  3 print(type(num))
  4 f = 2.0
  5 f = 5.0 / 2
  6 print(f)
  7 str1 = 'hello world'
  8 print(str1)
  9 str2 = "hello world"
 10 print(str2)
 11 str3 = "hello \"world\""
 12 str4 = "hello 'world'"
 13 print(str3)
 14 print(str4)
 15 str5 = "Jack: \nI love you"
 16 print(str5)
 17 mail = """
 18 Rose:
 19     I'am Jack
 20     goodbye
 21 """
 22 print(mail)
 23 str6 = "abcdef"
 24 print(str6[0])
 25 print(str6[1])
 26 print(str6[0] + str6[1])
 27 print(str6[1:4])
 28 print(str6[4:])
 29 print(str6[:4])
 30 print(str6[2:])
 31 print(str6[::2])
 32 print(str6[-1])
 33 print(str6[-4:-1])
 34 str7 = "1234"
 35 print(id(str7))
 36 str7 = "1234"
 37 print(id(str7))
 38 
 39 # 元组
 40 t = ("Jack", 19, "male")
 41 print(t)
 42 print(t[0])
 43 print(type(t))
 44 t2 = (3,)
 45 print(type(t2))
 46 print(len(t2))
 47 print(len(str6))
 48 a,b,c=(1,2,3)
 49 print(a)
 50 print(b)
 51 print(c)
 52 a,b,c=t
 53 print(a)
 54 print(b)
 55 print(c)
 56 
 57 # 列表
 58 list1 = ["jack", 21, True, [1,2,3]]
 59 print(list1[0])
 60 print(type(list1))
 61 print(list1[3])
 62 print(len(list1))
 63 list1[0]="rose"
 64 list1[1]="jerry"
 65 print(list1)
 66 list1.append(3)
 67 print(list1)
 68 list1.remove(3)
 69 del(list1[2])
 70 print(list1)
 71 list2 = [1,2,3]
 72 list2.append(4)
 73 
 74 # 查看帮助
 75 help(list)
 76 help(list.remove)
 77 help(len)
 78 
 79 # 字典
 80 dict1 = {"name":"jack", "age":25, "gender":"male"}
 81 print(dict1["name"])
 82 print(dict1.keys())
 83 print(dict1.values())
 84 dict1["phone"] = "13712345678"
 85 dict1["phone"] = "15923423455"
 86 print(dict1)
 87 del dict1["phone"]
 88 print(dict1)
 89 print(dict1.pop("age"))
 90 
 91 # 条件语句
 92 if 1 < 2:
 93     print(1234)
 94 if(2 > 1):
 95     print("hhh")
 96 if(True):
 97     print("ok")
 98 if(1+1):
 99     print("yes")
100 
101 
102 # for循环
103 print(range(1,10))
104 print(range(1, 10, 2))
105 print(range(5))
106 arr = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
107 for i in arr:
108     print(i)
109 for i in range(len(arr)):
110     print(arr[i])
111 num = 0
112 for i in range(101):
113     num += i
114 print(num)
115 
116 for i in range(3):
117     print(i)
118 else:
119     print("finish")
120 
121 # 遍历字典
122 d = {1:111, 2:222, 3:333}
123 for x in d:
124     print(d[x])
125 for k,v in d.items():
126     print(k)
127     print(v)
128 d2 = {"name":"zhangsan", "age":20}
129 for k,v in d2.items():
130     print(k)
131     print(v)
132 
133 # 函数
134 def func():
135     print("123")
136 func()
137 
138 def func2(x, y):
139     print(x)
140     print(y)
141 func2(3,4)
142 
143 # 参数的默认值
144 def func3(x=5,y=6):
145     print("x=" + str(x) + ", y=" + str(y))
146 func3()
147 func3(7,8)
148 
149 def func4(x, y=9):
150     print("x=" + str(x) + ", y=" + str(y))
151 func4(10)
152 func4(11, 12)
153 
154 def func5():
155     x = input("Please Enter A Number: ")
156     print(x)
157 func5()
158 
159 
160 def func6():
161     global a
162     a = "good"
163 func6()
164 print(a)
165 
166 # 传参：元组
167 # 传元组
168 def f(x,y):
169     print("x=%s, y=%s" % (x,y))
170 f(1,2)
171 f(*(3,4))
172 t = ("Tom", "Jerry")
173 f(*t)
174 
175 def f1(x, y):
176     print("x=%s, y=%s" % (x, y))
177 t = (20, "Jack")
178 f1(*t)
179 
180 # 传字典
181 def f2(name, code, age):
182     print("name=%s, code=%s, age=%s" % (name, code, age))
183 d = {"name": "zhangsan", "code": "10001", "age": 22}
184 f2(**d)
185 d["age"] = 28
186 f2(**d)
187 f2(d["name"], d["code"], d["age"])
188 
189 # 参数冗余
190 # 多余的实参
191 def f3(x, *args):
192     print(x)
193     print(args)
194 f3(1)
195 f3(1,2)
196 f3(1,2,3,4)
197 def f4(x, *args, **kwargs):
198     print(x)
199     print(args)
200     print(kwargs)
201 f4(1)
202 f4(1, 2)
203 f4(1, 2, 3)
204 f4(1, y=3, z=4)
205 f4(1, **d)
206 f4(1, 2, 3, 4, y=6, z=7, xy=8)
207 
208 # lambda表达式
209 f6 = lambda x,y:x*y
210 print(f6(3, 4))
211 
212

内置函数

 1 # Python内置函数
 2 print(abs(2))
 3 print(abs(-2))
 4 r = range(11)
 5 print(max(r))
 6 print(min(r))
 7 print(max([3,2,1,9]))
 8 print(len(r))
 9 print(divmod(5,3))
10 print(pow(2,10))
11 print(round(2.5))
12 print(type(r))
13 a = "1234"
14 print(int(a))
15 b = 99
16 print(str(b))
17 print(hex(b))
18 print(list([1,2,3,4]))
19 
20 # 字符串函数
21 # str.capitalize()  首字母大写
22 # str.replace()     字符替换
23 # str.split()       分割
24 help(str.capitalize)
25 help(str.replace)
26 help(str.split)
27 s = "hello"
28 print(s.capitalize())
29 y = "123123123123"
30 print(y.replace("12", "AB"))
31 print(y.replace("12", "AB", 1))
32 print(y.replace("12", "AB", 2))
33 ip = "192.168.12.93"
34 print(ip.split("."))
35 print(ip.split(".", 1))
36 print(ip.split(".", 2))
37 
38 # 序列处理函数
39 help(filter)
40 help(zip)
41 help(map)
42 from functools import reduce
43 help(reduce)
44 def f1(x):
45     if(x > 0):
46         return True
47     return False
48 r = [1,2,-1,-2,0,3]
49 ss = filter(f1, r)
50 print(ss)
51 print(list(filter(lambda x:x%2==0, range(10))))
52 
53 result = filter(lambda x:x*2, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
54 print(result)
55 print(list(result))
56 print(list(filter(lambda x: x%2 == 0, range(8))))
57 
58 # 这里的map函数和reduce函数就相当于MapReduce中的Map阶段和Reduce阶段
59 # Map阶段计算，Reduce阶段合并结果
60 foo = [2, 18, 9, 22, 17, 24, 8, 12, 27]
61 print(list(filter(lambda x:x % 3 == 0, foo)))
62 print(map(lambda x:x*2+10, foo))
63 print(list(map(lambda x:x*2+10, foo)))
64 print(reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]))
65 print(reduce(lambda x, y: x*y, range(1, 6)))
66 print(reduce(lambda x,y:x+y, foo))
67 
68 t1 = ["zhangsan", "lisi", "wangwu", "zhaoliu"]
69 t2 = ["北京", "上海", "广州", "深圳"]
70 t3 = [20, 21, 22, 23]
71 res = zip(t1, t2, t3)
72 print(list(res))
73 
74 '''
75         包
76 Python的模块可以按目录组织为包
77 创建一个包的步骤是：
78 1、建立一个名字为包名字的文件夹
79 2、在该文件夹下创建一个__init__.py文件
80 3、根据需要在该文件夹下存放脚本文件、已编译扩展及子包
81 4、import pack.m1, pack.m2, pack.m3
82 
83         模块
84 模块是Pyhon组织代码的基本方式
85 Pyhon的脚本都是用扩展名为py的文本文件保存的，一个脚本可以单独运行，
86 也可以导入另一个脚本中运行。当脚本被导入运行时，我们将其称为模块（module）
87 
88 模块名与脚本的文件名相同（例如，我们编写了一个名为items.py的脚本，则可以在另一个脚本中用import items语句来导入它）
89 
90 '''

正则表达式

  1 # 正则表达式
  2 # 参考菜鸟教程 http://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-reg-expressions.html
  3 import re
  4 print(re.match('www', 'www.baidu.com'))
  5 print(re.match('www', 'www.baidu.com').span(0))
  6 print(re.match('com', 'www.baidu.com'))
  7 
  8 line = "Cats are smarter than dogs"
  9 matchObj = re.match(r'(.*) are (.*?) .*', line, re.M|re.I)
 10 if matchObj:
 11     print(matchObj.group())
 12     print(matchObj.group(1))
 13     print(matchObj.group(2))
 14 else:
 15     print("No match!!!")
 16 
 17 print(re.search('www', 'www.baidu.com').span())
 18 print(re.search('com', 'www.baidu.com').span())
 19 
 20 # re.match与re.search的区别
 21 # re.match只匹配字符串的开始，如果字符串开始不符合正则表达式，则匹配失败，函数返回None；
 22 # 而re.search匹配整个字符串，直到找到一个匹配。
 23 
 24 line = "Cats are smarter than dogs"
 25 
 26 # 简单地来说，re.match看的是字符串是不是以指定的正则表达式开头的
 27 matchObj = re.match(r'dogs', line, re.M|re.I)
 28 if matchObj:
 29     print("match --> matchObj.group(): ", matchObj.group())
 30 else:
 31     print("No match!!!")
 32 
 33 matchObj = re.search(r'dogs', line, re.M|re.I)
 34 if matchObj:
 35     print("search --> matchObj.group(): ", matchObj.group())
 36 else:
 37     print("No match!!!")
 38 
 39 # 检索和替换
 40 # re.sub用于替换字符串中的匹配项
 41 #
 42 # 语法：re.sub(pattern, repl, string, count=0)
 43 # 参数：
 44 #   pattern : 正则中的模式字符串。
 45 #   repl : 替换的字符串，也可为一个函数。
 46 #   string : 要被查找替换的原始字符串。
 47 #   count : 模式匹配后替换的最大次数，默认 0 表示替换所有的匹配。
 48 
 49 phone = "2004-959-559 # 这是一个电话号码"
 50 num = re.sub(r'#.*$', "", phone)
 51 print("电话号码：", num)
 52 
 53 num = re.sub(r'\D', "", phone)
 54 print("电话号码：", num)
 55 
 56 # compile函数
 57 # compile 函数用于编译正则表达式，生成一个正则表达式（ Pattern ）对象，供 match() 和 search() 这两个函数使用。
 58 # 语法：re.compile(pattern[, flags])
 59 
 60 pattern = re.compile(r'\d+')
 61 m = pattern.match('one1two2three3four4')
 62 print(m)
 63 m = pattern.match('one1two2three3four4', 3, 10)
 64 print(m)
 65 print(m.group())
 66 print(m.start())
 67 print(m.end())
 68 print(m.span())
 69 # group([group1, …]) 方法用于获得一个或多个分组匹配的字符串，当要获得整个匹配的子串时，可直接使用 group() 或 group(0)；
 70 # start([group]) 方法用于获取分组匹配的子串在整个字符串中的起始位置（子串第一个字符的索引），参数默认值为 0；
 71 # end([group]) 方法用于获取分组匹配的子串在整个字符串中的结束位置（子串最后一个字符的索引+1），参数默认值为 0；
 72 # span([group]) 方法返回 (start(group), end(group))。
 73 
 74 # findall
 75 # 在字符串中找到正则表达式所匹配的所有子串，并返回一个列表，如果没有找到匹配的，则返回空列表。
 76 #
 77 # 注意： match 和 search 是匹配一次 findall 匹配所有。
 78 
 79 # 语法：findall(string[, pos[, endpos]])
 80 # 参数：
 81 #   string  待匹配的字符串
 82 #   pos 可选参数，指定字符串的起始位置，默认为0
 83 #   endpos  可选参数，指定字符串的结束位置，默认为字符串的长度
 84 
 85 pattern = re.compile(r'\d+')
 86 result1 = pattern.findall('runoob 123 google 456')
 87 result2 = pattern.findall('run88oob123google456', 0, 10)
 88 print(result1)
 89 print(result2)
 90 
 91 # re.finditer
 92 # 和 findall 类似，在字符串中找到正则表达式所匹配的所有子串，并把它们作为一个迭代器返回。
 93 
 94 it = re.finditer(r"\d+", "12a23bce34fj666")
 95 for match in it:
 96     print(match.group())
 97 
 98 # re.split
 99 # split 方法按照能够匹配的子串将字符串分割后返回列表
100 # 语法：re.split(pattern, string[, maxsplit=0, flags=0])
101 
102 print(re.split('\W+', 'abc, runoob, wahaha, 1342'))
103 print(re.split('(\W+)', 'abc, runoob, wahaha, 1342'))
104 print(re.split('\W+', 'abc, runoob, wahaha, 1342', 1))
105 print(re.split('a+', 'hello world'))# 对于一个找不到匹配的字符串而言，split 不会对其作出分割

文件操作

 1 # 文件读写
 2 f = open("D:/python/a.txt","r")
 3 print(f.readline())
 4 txt = f.read()
 5 print(txt)
 6 f.close()
 7 ## f.read()
 8 
 9 f = open("D:/python/a.txt","r")
10 for line in f:
11     print(line)
12 f.close()
13 
14 f = open("D:/python/b.txt","w+")
15 f.write("I am Mr.Cheng")
16 f.write("Very Good!")
17 print(f.read())
18 f.flush()
19 f.seek(0)
20 print(f.read())
21 f.close()
22 
23 f = open("D:/python/b.txt","a+")
24 f.write("\nhot")
25 f.seek(0)
26 print(f.read())
27 f.close()

异常处理

 1 # finally
 2 try:
 3     ff = open("D:/python/b.txt","a+")
 4 except Exception:
 5     print(1)
 6 finally:
 7     ff.close()
 8     print(2)
 9 
10 
11 try:
12     f = open("abc.txt")
13     f.close()
14 except (OSError, RuntimeError, TypeError, NameError):
15     pass
16 
17 try:
18     f = open("abc.txt")
19     f.close()
20 except OSError as err:
21     print("OSError")
22 except ValueError:
23     print("ValueError")
24 except NameError:
25     print("NameError")
26 except:
27     print("Unexpected Error")
28 
29 # raise 抛出异常
30 try:
31     x = int(input("Please enter a number: "))
32     if(x == 123):
33         raise NameError("You are kidding!")
34 except NameError:
35     print("name error")
36 except ValueError:
37     print("value error")
38 except TypeError:
39     print("type error")
40 finally:
41     print("Goodbye")

类和对象

  1 # 类和对象
  2 class MyClass:
  3     i = 123
  4 
  5     def m(self):
  6         return 'hello'
  7 
  8 x = MyClass()
  9 
 10 print(x.i)
 11 print(x.m())
 12 
 13 
 14 # __init__()是构造方法
 15 class Person:
 16 
 17     name = ""
 18     age = 0
 19 
 20     def __init__(self):
 21         print("无参构造方法被调用")
 22 
 23     def __init__(self, name, age):
 24         print("带参数的构造法被调用")
 25         self.name = name
 26         self.age = age
 27 
 28     def toString(self):
 29         print("Person [name={0}, age={1}]".format(self.name, self.age))
 30 
 31 
 32 person = Person("zhangsan", 25)
 33 person.toString()
 34 
 35 print(id(person))
 36 
 37 # self 代表类的实例，self 在定义类的方法时是必须有的，虽然在调用时不必传入相应的参数
 38 # self相当于Java中的this
 39 # 类的方法必须有一个额外的第一个参数，按照惯例它的名称是 self
 40 
 41 class Employee:
 42 
 43     empCount = 0
 44 
 45 
 46     def __init__(self, name, salary):
 47         self.name = name
 48         self.salary = salary
 49         Employee.empCount += 1
 50 
 51     def displayCount(self):
 52         print("Total Employee %d" % Employee.empCount)
 53 
 54     def toString(self):
 55         print("wahaha")
 56 
 57 employee1 = Employee("zhangsan", 27)
 58 employee2 = Employee("lisi", 28)
 59 employee3 = Employee("wangwu", 29)
 60 print(Employee.empCount)
 61 print(employee1.displayCount())
 62 print(employee2.name)
 63 print(employee3.salary)
 64 print(Employee.__name__)
 65 print(Employee.__module__)
 66 
 67 # 继承
 68 class Leader(Employee):
 69     def __init__(self):
 70         print("调用子类的构造方法")
 71     
 72 
 73 leader = Leader()
 74 leader.toString()
 75 
 76 class Father:
 77     def sing(self):
 78         print("我会唱歌")
 79     def write(self):
 80         print("我擅长写粉笔字")
 81 
 82 class Mother:
 83     def dance(self):
 84         print("我会跳舞")
 85 
 86 class Son(Father, Mother):
 87     def draw(self):
 88         print("我会画画")
 89     def write(self):
 90         print("我擅长写毛笔字")
 91 
 92 son = Son()
 93 son.sing()
 94 son.dance()
 95 son.draw()
 96 son.write()
 97 
 98 # 两个下划线开头，声明该属性为私有，不能在类的外部被使用或直接访问。在类内部的方法中使用时 self.__private_attrs
 99 # 两个下划线开头，声明该方法为私有方法，不能在类的外部调用。在类的内部调用 self.__private_methods
100 class Daughter:
101 
102     name = ""   # public属性
103     _height = 0 # protected属性
104     __age = 0   # private属性
105 
106     def __init__(self, name, height, age):
107         self.name = name
108         self._height = height
109         self.__age = age
110 
111     def getName(self):  # public
112         return self.name
113 
114     def __getAge(self): # private
115         return self.__age
116 
117     def getAge(self):
118         return self.__age
119 
120 daughter = Daughter("Alice", 170, 24)
121 print(daughter.name)
122 print(daughter._height)
123 #print(daughter.__age)
124 #print(daughter.__getAge())
125 print(daughter.getAge())

MySQL操作

 1 import pymysql
 2 '''
 3 # 建立连接
 4 conn = pymysql.connect("localhost", "root", "123456", "mytest")
 5 # 获取游标
 6 cursor = conn.cursor()
 7 # SQL语句
 8 #sql = "insert into user_info(name, family, sword) values('蓝忘机', '姑苏蓝氏', '避尘')"
 9 sql = "insert into user_info(name, family, sword) values('%s', '%s', '%s')" % ('魏无羡', '云梦江氏', '随便')
10 try:
11     # 执行SQL
12     cursor.execute(sql)
13     # 提交
14     conn.commit()
15 except:
16     # 回滚
17     conn.rollback()
18 finally:
19     # 关闭连接
20     conn.close()
21 
22 # 批量插入
23 conn = pymysql.connect("localhost", "root", "123456", "mytest")
24 cursor = conn.cursor()
25 sqlTemplate = "insert into user_info(name, family, sword) values('%s', '%s', '%s')"
26 dataList = [('江澄', '云梦江氏', '三毒'), ('蓝曦臣', '姑苏蓝氏', '朔月'), ('金子轩', '兰陵金氏', '岁华')]
27 try:
28     # 方式一：使用execute
29     for data in dataList:
30         sql = sqlTemplate % data
31         cursor.execute(sql)
32         
33     # 方式二：使用executemany     
34     insertTemplate = "insert into user_info(name, family, sword) values(%s, %s, %s)"
35     dataArray = [('江澄', '云梦江氏', '三毒'), ('蓝曦臣', '姑苏蓝氏', '朔月'), ('金子轩', '兰陵金氏', '岁华')]
36     cursor.executemany(insertTemplate, dataArray)
37     
38     conn.commit()
39 except Exception as ex:
40     print(ex)
41     conn.rollback()
42 finally:
43     conn.close()
44 '''
45 # 查询
46 # Python查询Mysql使用 fetchone() 方法获取单条数据, 使用fetchall() 方法获取多条数据。
47 # fetchone(): 该方法获取下一个查询结果集。结果集是一个对象
48 # fetchall(): 接收全部的返回结果行.
49 conn = pymysql.connect("localhost", "root", "123456", "mytest")
50 cursor = conn.cursor()  # 隐式开启事务
51 sql = "select * from user_info"
52 try:
53     cursor.execute(sql)     # 返回受影响的行数
54     records = cursor.fetchall()
55     for row in records:
56         print(row)
57     for row in records:     # 数组的元素是元组
58         print("name=%s, family=%-3s, sword=%4s" % (row[0], row[1], row[2]))
59 except:
60     print("Error: unable to fetch data")
61 finally:
62     conn.close()

Socket编程

 1 import socket
 2 import sys
 3 
 4 # 创建socket对象
 5 serverSocket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
 6 
 7 # 绑定端口
 8 # #host = socket.gethostname()
 9 
10 host = "localhost"
11 port = 9999
12 serverSocket.bind((host, port))
13 
14 # 设置最大连接数
15 serverSocket.listen(5)
16 
17 # 监听客户端连接
18 while True:
19     print(1234)
20     clientSocket, addr = serverSocket.accept()
21     print("客户端连接: %s" % str(addr))
22     msg = "Hello World"
23     clientSocket.send(msg.encode("utf-8"))
24     clientSocket.close()

 1 import socket
 2 import sys
 3 
 4 clientSocket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
 5 print(4455)
 6 clientSocket.connect(("localhost", 9999))
 7 
 8 msg = clientSocket.recv(1024)
 9 
10 print(msg.decode("utf-8"))

线程

 1 import threading
 2 import time
 3 
 4 '''
 5     相当于
 6     class MyThread extends Thread {
 7         public Integer threadId;
 8         public String threadName;
 9         
10         public MyThread(Integer threadId, String threadName) {
11             this.threadId = threadId;
12             this.threadName = threadName;
13         }
14         
15         @Override
16         public void run() {
17             System.out.print(this.threadName + " : " + new Date());
18         }
19     }
20     
21     Thread thread1 = new MyThread();
22     Thread thread2 = new MyThread();
23     thread1.start();
24     thread2.start();
25 '''
26 
27 
28 class MyThread(threading.Thread):
29 
30     def __init__(self, threadId, threadName):
31         threading.Thread.__init__(self)
32 
33         self.threadId = threadId
34         self.threadName = threadName
35 
36     def run(self):
37         print("启动线程：" + self.name)
38         self.do_something()
39 
40     def do_something(self):
41         print("%s: %s" % (self.threadName, time.ctime(time.time())))
42 
43 
44 thread1 = MyThread(1, "Thread-1")
45 thread2 = MyThread(2, "Thread-2")
46 
47 thread1.start()
48 thread2.start()
49 
50 print("****************************************")
51 
52 # 相当于synchronized代码块
53 threadLock = threading.Lock()
54 
55 class Ticket:
56     __total = 100
57 
58     def decr(self):
59         threadLock.acquire()
60         time.sleep(1)
61         if self.__total > 0:
62             self.__total = self.__total - 1
63             print("成功售出一张票，剩余%s张" % self.__total)
64         else:
65             print("今日已售罄")
66         threadLock.release()
67 
68 
69 class Customer(threading.Thread):
70     def __init__(self, ticket):
71         threading.Thread.__init__(self)
72         self.ticket = ticket
73 
74     def run(self):
75         self.ticket.decr()
76 
77 
78 ticketObj = Ticket()
79 for i in range(150):
80     consumer = Customer(ticketObj)
81     consumer.start()

HTTP请求

 1 import urllib.request
 2 import urllib.parse
 3 import requests
 4 
 5 resp = urllib.request.urlopen("http://www.baidu.com/")
 6 html = resp.read().decode("utf-8")
 7 print(html)
 8 
 9 # GET
10 resp = urllib.request.urlopen("http://localhost:8080/sayHello?name=zhangsan")
11 print(resp.status)
12 print(resp.read().decode("UTF-8"))
13 
14 # POST
15 data = urllib.parse.urlencode({"username": "lisi", "password":"123456"})
16 data = data.encode("UTF-8")
17 resp = urllib.request.urlopen("http://localhost:8080/login", data)
18 print(resp.read().decode("UTF-8"))
19 
20 # 带Header
21 header = {
22     "POSID": "1010101"
23 }
24 req = urllib.request.Request("http://localhost:8080/login", data, header)
25 resp = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
26 print(resp.read().decode("UTF-8"))
27 
28 # requests
29 # GET
30 response = requests.get("http://localhost:8080/sayHello", "name=zhangsan")
31 print(response.status_code)
32 print(response.headers)
33 print(response.headers["Content-Type"])
34 print(response.encoding)
35 print(response.text)
36 
37 # POST
38 # 类似jQuery
39 # response = requests.post("http://localhost:8080/login", {"username":"lisi","password":"123456"})
40 response = requests.post("http://localhost:8080/login", "username=lisi&password=123456")
41 if response.status_code == 200:
42     print(response.text)
43     print(response.json())
44 
45 # 带headers
46 url = "http://localhost:8080/login"
47 data = "username=lisi&password=123456"
48 headers = {"id":"123", "name": "abc"}
49 response = requests.post(url, data, headers=headers, timeout=3)
50 if response.status_code == 200:
51     print(response.text)
52     print(response.json())

JSON

 1 import json
 2 
 3 # Python中的json库提供的主要功能是在字典和JSON之间做转换
 4 # json.dumps(): 转成JSON
 5 # json.loads(): JSON字符串转字典
 6 
 7 data_list = [1, 2, 'a', 'b', True, [4, 5, 6]]
 8 json_str = json.dumps(data_list)
 9 print(json_str)
10 
11 data2 = {'name': 'zhangsan', 'age': 25}
12 json_str2 = json.dumps(data2)
13 print("原对象：", data2)
14 print("JSON对象：", json_str2)
15 
16 data3 = '{"a":"b"}'
17 json_str3 = json.loads(data3)
18 print("原对象：", data3)
19 print("字典对象：", json_str3)
20 print()

日期时间

 1 import time
 2 from datetime import date
 3 from datetime import datetime
 4 from datetime import timedelta
 5 import calendar
 6 
 7 # time
 8 print("当前时间戳：", time.time())
 9 print("本地时间：", time.localtime(time.time()))
10 print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()))
11 # 日历
12 cal = calendar.month(2018, 8)
13 print(cal)
14 
15 # date
16 print(date.today())
17 
18 startDate = date(2018, 6, 1)
19 endDate = date(2018, 8, 5)
20 print(startDate)
21 print(endDate)
22 diff = endDate - startDate
23 print(diff.days)
24 # print(diff.seconds)
25 
26 # datetime
27 print(datetime.now())
28 dt = datetime(2018, 8, 5, 19, 22, 18)
29 print(dt)
30 
31 # 加3天
32 print(dt + timedelta(3))
33 # 减5天
34 print(dt + timedelta(-5))
35 # 加1小时
36 print(dt + timedelta(hours=1))
37 # 减2小时
38 print(dt + timedelta(hours=-2))
39 # 加25分钟
40 print(dt + timedelta(minutes=25))
41 # 减10分钟
42 print(dt + timedelta(minutes=-10))

感想

解决问题的思路才是关键，编程语言只是语法不同而已。

习惯性以分号结尾；哈哈哈！！！

Mathilda91

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