1.string.maketrans设置字符串转换规则表(translation table)
allchars
=
string.maketrans(
''
,
''
)
#
所有的字符串,即不替换字符串
aTob = string.maketrans('a','b') #将字符a转换为字符b
aTob = string.maketrans('a','b') #将字符a转换为字符b
2.translate函数进行字符串的替换和删除,第一个参数是字符串转换规则表(translation table),第二个参数是要删除的字符串。比如,要将字符串s中的所有e替换为a,同时要删除所有的o
aTob
=
string.maketrans(
'
e
'
,
'
a
'
)
s = ' hello python '
print s.translate(aTob, ' o ' )
s = ' hello python '
print s.translate(aTob, ' o ' )
输出结果:
hall pythn
3.假如我们这样使用
allchars
=
string.maketrans(
''
,
''
)
k = allchars.translate(allchars, ' a ' )
allchars表示所有的字符串,而k表示从所有的字符串中去除掉字符a,就是说所有的字符,除了a,因此,我们再调用如下方法时:
k = allchars.translate(allchars, ' a ' )
s
=
'
abc
'
print s.translate(allchars, k)
字面意思是,输出“字符串s中除去任何不是字符a的字符",即,只输出字符a,因此输出结果为:
print s.translate(allchars, k)
a
4.现在,已经不难理解下面这个函数了
import
string
def translator(frm = '' , to = '' , delete = '' , keep = None):
if len(to) == 1 :
to = to * len(frm)
trans = string.maketrans(frm, to)
if keep is not None:
allchars = string.maketrans( '' , '' )
delete = allchars.translate(allchars, keep.translate(allchars, delete))
def translate(s):
return s.translate(trans, delete)
return translate
调用:
def translator(frm = '' , to = '' , delete = '' , keep = None):
if len(to) == 1 :
to = to * len(frm)
trans = string.maketrans(frm, to)
if keep is not None:
allchars = string.maketrans( '' , '' )
delete = allchars.translate(allchars, keep.translate(allchars, delete))
def translate(s):
return s.translate(trans, delete)
return translate
digits_only
=
translator(keep
=
string.digits)
print digits_only( ' Chris Perkins : 224-7992 ' )
digits_to_hash = translator(frm = string.digits, to = ' # ' )
print digits_to_hash( ' Chris Perkins : 224-7992 ' )
输出结果:
print digits_only( ' Chris Perkins : 224-7992 ' )
digits_to_hash = translator(frm = string.digits, to = ' # ' )
print digits_to_hash( ' Chris Perkins : 224-7992 ' )
2247992
Chris Perkins : ###-####
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