官方网站:
http://www.mongodb.org/

关于mongodb的主从,官方已经不建议使用,目前建议使用副本集;

但由于公司现有环境的原因,如果改用副本集,则需要修改数据,受限于现实的种种原因,只能做主从同步配置,所以这里记录一下mongodb的主从;


mongodb的主从要注意的事项:

    1.主服务器挂掉,从服务器不会自动取代主服务器。

    2.主服务器挂掉后重启,从服务器则会重新同步数据,之前同步过来的数据被初始化。

    3.综合以上两点,mongodb要随时做好数据备份,以免造成无法弥补的数据丢失!!!

 
MongoDB 安裝,主从配置

一 MongoDB 安装

[root@zabbix_server src]# wget http://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.0.0.tgz

[root@zabbix_server src]# tar xzvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.0.0.tgz

[root@zabbix_server src]# mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.0.0 /usr/local/mongodb


[root@zabbix_server src]# mkdir /usr/local/mongodb/data

[root@zabbix_server src]# touch /usr/local/mongodb/logs


[root@zabbix_server bin]# /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod --dbpath=/usr/local/mongodb/data --logpath=/usr/local/mongodb/logs --logappend --port=27017 --fork




[root@zabbix_server bin]#./mongo

MongoDB shell version: 2.0.0

connecting to:test

> use test;

switched to db test

> exit

bye



[root@zabbix_server bin]# netstat -anlpt | grep mongo

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:27017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 11504/mongod 

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:28017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 11504/mongod


注意:
如果报错
-bash: /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod: cannot execute binary file
说明你的服务器和mongodb 的版本不对应, 如果服务器是64位,下载x86_64的mongodb ,如果服务器是32位的, 下载i686的mongodb/


二 MongoDB 主从配置

1)实验环境
主:192.168.0.14
从:192.168.0.64

2)时间同步
两台机器做时间同步
[root@zabbix_server src]# ntpdate time.windows.com

3)启动服务
master:192.168.0.14
启动命令
/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod --master --dbpath=/usr/local/mongodb/data --logpath=/usr/local/mongodb/logs --logappend --port=27017 --fork

slave:192.168.0.64
启动命令
/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod -slave -source 192.168.0.14:27017 --dbpath=/usr/local/mongodb/data --logpath=/usr/local/mongodb/logs --logappend --port=27017 --fork


4)测试主从
在主上插入数据
测试1:

测试1:

1 在主库上插入数据

[root@cacti bin]#./mongo

MongoDB shell version: 2.0.0

connecting to:test

> db.foo.save({"id":123456,"name":'lizonggang'})

> db.foo.find({"id":123456})

"_id": ObjectId("51c3f4b21399022afd992f39"),"id": 123456,"name":"lizonggang" }

>


2 在从上查看数据(已有在主上插入的数据,说明主从成功)

[root@zabbix_server bin]#./mongo

MongoDB shell version: 2.0.0

connecting to:test

> db.foo.find({"id":123456})

"_id": ObjectId("51c3f4b21399022afd992f39"),"id": 123456,"name":"lizonggang" }

>


测试2:

1 在主库上插入数据

> use elaindb

switched to db elaindb

> db.test.save({title:"This is a test!"})

> db.test.find();

"_id": ObjectId("51c3f8f11a90c8da157c7f64"),"title":"This is a test!" }

>


2 在从库上验证数据

[root@zabbix_server bin]#./mongo

MongoDB shell version: 2.0.0

connecting to:test

> use elaindb

switched to db elaindb

> db.test.find();

"_id": ObjectId("51c3f8f11a90c8da157c7f64"),"title":"This is a test!" }

> db.printReplicationInfo();

this is a slave, printing slave replication info.

source: 192.168.0.14:27017

     syncedTo: Fri Jun 21 2013 14:59:10 GMT+0800 (CST)

= 9 secs ago (0hrs)

>

> db.printSlaveReplicationInfo();

source: 192.168.0.14:27017

     syncedTo: Fri Jun 21 2013 14:59:30 GMT+0800 (CST)

= 16 secs ago (0hrs)

>




测试3:

在这个状态下,slave 下是不可以插入数据的

> db.test.save({title:"This is slave test!"})

not master


5) 一些查询状态的语句

1)查询库

> show dbs;

elaindb 0.0625GB

local 0.125GB

test 0.0625GB


2)在从库上查询主库的地址

> use local;

switched to db local

> db.sources.find()

"_id": ObjectId("51c3f5dd568d10529950b10d"),"host":"192.168.0.14:27017","source":"main","syncedTo": { "t": 1371797300000,"i": 1 } }

>


3)查看主从复制状态

> db.printReplicationInfo();

configured oplog size: 47.6837158203125MB

log length start to end: 1375secs (0.38hrs)

oplog first event time: Fri Jun 21 2013 14:30:35 GMT+0800 (CST)

oplog last event time: Fri Jun 21 2013 14:53:30 GMT+0800 (CST)

now: Fri Jun 21 2013 14:53:32 GMT+0800 (CST)

>


4)查看Collection状态

> db.printCollectionStats();

foo

{

"ns":"test.foo",

"count": 1,

"size": 56,

"avgObjSize": 56,

"storageSize": 4096,

"numExtents": 1,

"nindexes": 1,

"lastExtentSize": 4096,

"paddingFactor": 1,

"flags": 1,

"totalIndexSize": 8176,

"indexSizes": {

"_id_": 8176

    },

"ok": 1

}

---

system.indexes

{

"ns":"test.system.indexes",

"count": 1,

"size": 64,

"avgObjSize": 64,

"storageSize": 4096,

"numExtents": 1,

"nindexes": 0,

"lastExtentSize": 4096,

"paddingFactor": 1,

"flags": 0,

"totalIndexSize": 0,

"indexSizes": {


    },

"ok": 1

}

---

>



6)应急
如果在应用中主挂掉了怎么办?
这个情况就需要,停止从库, 把从库以主库的启动命令起来就可以了。

1)停掉从库

kill -9 进程号

2)删除locat下文件

rm mongodb/db/locat.*-rf


3)启动从库

/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod --master --dbpath=/usr/local/mongodb/data --logpath=/usr/local/mongodb/logs --logappend --port=27017 --fork


7) MongoDB 增,删,改,查

[root@cacti bin]#./mongo

MongoDB shell version: 2.0.0

connecting to:test

> db.test.insert({"Name":"ymind","age": 8 }); #在test数据库里插入数据 

>

> db.test.find({"Name":"ymind" } ); #查询数据

"_id": ObjectId("51c4187090db4e4751a3cd05"),"Name":"ymind","age": 8 }

> db.test.find({"age": 8} ); #查询数据 

"_id": ObjectId("51c4187090db4e4751a3cd05"),"Name":"ymind","age": 8 }

>

>

> db.test.update({"Name":"ymind"}, { "$set": { "age":"5" } } ); #修改数据

> db.test.find({"Name":"ymind" } );

"Name":"ymind","_id": ObjectId("51c4187090db4e4751a3cd05"),"age":"5" }

>

> db.test.remove({"Name":"ymind" } ); #删除数据 

> db.test.find({"Name":"ymind" } );

>

>