HQL

例如对于TUser类

1.实体查询
String hql = " from TUser";

执行这条语句会返回TUser以及TUser子类的纪录。
注:  如果 TUser 类具有外键, 查询会报错!
解决方法:  select 别名.属性 from 类 as 别名. 没有别名.属性仍然报错!


hql = "from java.lang.Object"
会返回数据库中所有库表的纪录。

where 语句
hql = "from TUser as user where user.name='yyy'";

其中,as可以省略也一样
hql = "from TUser user where user.name='yyy'";

where子句中,我们可以通过比较运算符设定条件,如:
=, <>, >, <, >=, <=, between, not between, in, not in, is, like等。

2.属性查询
List list = session.createQuery("select user.name, user.age from TUser as user").list();

还可以在HQL中动态构造对象实例的方法,将数据封装。
List list = session.createQuery("select new TUser(user.name, user.age) from TUser as user").list();
Iterator it = list.iterator();
while(it.hasNext() ) {
      TUser user = (TUser)it.next();
      System.out.println(user.getName());
}
但是要注意这里的TUser对象只是对name和age属性的封装,其他状态均未赋值,所以不能用它来进行更新操作。

也可以在HQL的Select子句中使用统计函数
"select count(*) ,min(user.age) from TUser as user"

也可以使用distinct关键字来删除重复纪录。
select distinct user.name from TUser as user;

3.实体的更新与删除
hibernate 2中需要先查询出实体,设置属性后再保存。

hibernate 3中,提供了更灵活的方式(bulk delete/update)
更新:
     Query query = session.createQuery("update TUser set age=18 where id=1");
     query.executeUpdate();
删除:
     session.createQuery("delete TUser where age>=18");
     query.executeUpdate();
/*
Session session = getSession();         
 Transaction tx = null;
        try {
         tx = session.beginTransaction();         
       String hqlDelete = "delete UserContract where usercontractId = :id";
         session.createQuery( hqlDelete ).setInteger("id", id ).executeUpdate();
      tx.commit(); 
        } catch (RuntimeException re) {
           log.error("delete contractType failed", re);
           if(tx != null) tx.rollback();             
           throw re;
        }finally{
           session.close();                      
        }
*/
4.分组与排序
Order by子句:
     from TUser user order by user.name, user.age desc
Group by子句和Having子句
     "select count(user), user.age from TUser user group by user.age having count(user)>10"

5.参数邦定
通过顺序占位符?来填充参数:
1)hibernate 2 中通过session.find方法来填充
        session.find("from TUser user where user.name=?", "Erica", Hibernate.STRING);
   多个参数的情况:
        Object[] args = new Object[] {"Erica", new Integer(20)};
        Type[] types = new Type{Hibernate.STRING, Hibernate.INTEGER};
        session.find("from TUser user where user.name=? and user.age=?", args, types);

2)通过Query接口进行参数填充:
         Query query = session.createQuery("from TUser user where user.name=? and user.age>?");
         query.setString(0,"Erica");
         query.setInteger(1, 20);

通过引用占位符来填充参数:
         String hql = "from TUser where name=:name";
         Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
         query.setParameter("name","Erica");

甚至可以将查询条件封装为一个JavaBean
class UserQuery {
     private String name;
     private Integer age;
     //getter and setter
}
String hql = "from TUser where name=:name and age=:age";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
UserQuery uq = new UserQuery();
uq.setName("Erica");
uq.setAge(new Integer(20));

query.setProperties(uq); //会调用里面的getter?
query.iterate();

6.联合查询
也可以使用 inner join,left outer join, right out join, full join
排列组合:form TUser, TAddress