Android子线程和更新UI问题

引子：

情形1

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        TextView textView = findViewById(R.id.home_tv);
        ImageView imageView = findViewById(R.id.home_img);

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                textView.setText("更新TextView");
                imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.img);
            }
        }).start();
    }
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运行结果：正常运行！！！

情形二

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        TextView textView = findViewById(R.id.home_tv);
        ImageView imageView = findViewById(R.id.home_img);

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(5000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                textView.setText("更新TextView");
                imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.img);
            }
        }).start();
    }
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运行结果：异常

    android.view.ViewRootImpl$CalledFromWrongThreadException: Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views.
        at android.view.ViewRootImpl.checkThread(ViewRootImpl.java:6357)
        at android.view.ViewRootImpl.requestLayout(ViewRootImpl.java:874)
        at android.view.View.requestLayout(View.java:17476)
        at android.view.View.requestLayout(View.java:17476)
        at android.view.View.requestLayout(View.java:17476)
        at android.view.View.requestLayout(View.java:17476)
        at android.view.View.requestLayout(View.java:17476)
        at android.view.View.requestLayout(View.java:17476)
        at android.widget.RelativeLayout.requestLayout(RelativeLayout.java:360)
        at android.view.View.requestLayout(View.java:17476)
        at android.widget.TextView.checkForRelayout(TextView.java:6871)
        at android.widget.TextView.setText(TextView.java:4057)
        at android.widget.TextView.setText(TextView.java:3915)
        at android.widget.TextView.setText(TextView.java:3890)
        at com.dong.demo.MainActivity$1.run(MainActivity.java:44)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:818)
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不是说，子线程不能更新UI吗，为什么情形一可以正常运行，情形二不能正常运行呢；

子线程修改UI出现异常，与什么方法有关

首先从出现异常的log日志入手，发现出现异常的方法调用顺序如下：

TextView.setText(TextView.java:4057)

TextView.checkForRelayout(TextView.java:6871)

View.requestLayout(View.java:17476)

RelativeLayout.requestLayout(RelativeLayout.java:360)

View.requestLayout(View.java:17476)

ViewRootImpl.requestLayout(ViewRootImpl.java:874)

ViewRootImpl.checkThread(ViewRootImpl.java:6357)

更改ImageView时，出现的异常类似；

首先看TextView.setText()方法的源码

   private void setText(CharSequence text, BufferType type,
                         boolean notifyBefore, int oldlen) {
        
        //省略其他代码

        if (mLayout != null) {
            checkForRelayout();
        }

        sendOnTextChanged(text, 0, oldlen, textLength);
        onTextChanged(text, 0, oldlen, textLength);

        //省略其他代码
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然后，查看以下checkForRelayout()方法的与源码。

    private void checkForRelayout() {
        // If we have a fixed width, we can just swap in a new text layout
        // if the text height stays the same or if the view height is fixed.

        if ((mLayoutParams.width != LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT

            //省略代码

            // We lose: the height has changed and we have a dynamic height.
            // Request a new view layout using our new text layout.
            requestLayout();
            invalidate();
        } else {
            // Dynamic width, so we have no choice but to request a new
            // view layout with a new text layout.
            nullLayouts();
            requestLayout();
            invalidate();
        }
    }
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checkForReLayout方法，首先会调用需要改变的View的requestLayout方法，然后执行invalidate()重绘操作；

TextView没有重写requestLayout方法，requestLayout方法由View实现；

查看RequestLayout方法的源码：

    public void requestLayout() {
        //省略其他代码
        if (mParent != null && !mParent.isLayoutRequested()) {
            mParent.requestLayout();
        }
        if (mAttachInfo != null && mAttachInfo.mViewRequestingLayout == this) {
            mAttachInfo.mViewRequestingLayout = null;
        }
    }
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View获取到父View（类型是ViewParent，ViewPaerent是个接口，requestLayout由子类来具体实现），mParent，然后调用父View的requestLayout方法，比如示例中的父View就是xml文件的根布局就是RelativeLayout。 RelativeLayout的requestLayout()方法源码：

    @Override
    public void requestLayout() {
        super.requestLayout();
        mDirtyHierarchy = true;
    }
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继续跟踪super.requestLayout()方法，即ViewGroup没有重新，即调用的是View的requestLayout方法。

经过一系列的调用ViewParent的requestLayout方法，最终调用到ViewRootImp的requestLayout方法。ViewRootImp实现了ViewParent接口，继续查看ViewRootImp的requestLayout方法源码。

    @Override
    public void requestLayout() {
        if (!mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest) {
            checkThread();
            mLayoutRequested = true;
            scheduleTraversals();
        }
    }
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ViewRootImp的requestLayout方法中有两个方法：

一、checkThread，检查线程，源码如下

    void checkThread() {
        if (mThread != Thread.currentThread()) {
            throw new CalledFromWrongThreadException(
                    "Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views.");
        }
    }
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判断当前线程，是否是创建ViewRootImp的线程，而创建ViewRootImp的线程就是主线程，当前线程不是主线程的时候，就抛出异常。 二、scheduleTraversals(),查看源码：

    void scheduleTraversals() {
        if (!mTraversalScheduled) {
            mTraversalScheduled = true;
            mTraversalBarrier = mHandler.getLooper().getQueue().postSyncBarrier();
            mChoreographer.postCallback(
                    Choreographer.CALLBACK_TRAVERSAL, mTraversalRunnable, null);
            if (!mUnbufferedInputDispatch) {
                scheduleConsumeBatchedInput();
            }
            notifyRendererOfFramePending();
            pokeDrawLockIfNeeded();
        }
    }
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查看mTraversalRunnable中run()方法的具体操作

    final class TraversalRunnable implements Runnable {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            doTraversal();
        }
    }
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继续追踪doTraversal()方法

    void doTraversal() {
        if (mTraversalScheduled) {
            mTraversalScheduled = false;
            mHandler.getLooper().getQueue().removeSyncBarrier(mTraversalBarrier);

            if (mProfile) {
                Debug.startMethodTracing("ViewAncestor");
            }

            performTraversals();

            if (mProfile) {
                Debug.stopMethodTracing();
                mProfile = false;
            }
        }
    }

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查看到performTraversals()方法，熟悉了吧，这是View绘制的起点。

总结一下：

1.Android更新UI会调用View的requestLayout()方法，在requestLayout方法中，获取ViewParent，然后调用ViewParent的requestLayout()方法，一直调用下去，直到调用到ViewRootImp的requestLayout方法；

2.ViewRootImp的requetLayout方法，主要有两部操作一个是checkThread()方法，检测线程，一个是scheduleTraversals，执行绘制相关工作；

情形3

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        Log.i("Dong", "Activity: onCreate");
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {

                Looper.prepare();

                try {
                    Thread.sleep(5000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "显示Toast", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

                Looper.loop();
            }
        }).start();
    }
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运行结果：正常

分析

下面从Toast源码进行分析：

    public static Toast makeText(Context context, CharSequence text, @Duration int duration) {
        return makeText(context, null, text, duration);
    }
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makeText方法调用了他的重载方法，继续追踪

    public static Toast makeText(@NonNull Context context, @Nullable Looper looper,
            @NonNull CharSequence text, @Duration int duration) {
        Toast result = new Toast(context, looper);

        LayoutInflater inflate = (LayoutInflater)
                context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
        View v = inflate.inflate(com.android.internal.R.layout.transient_notification, null);
        TextView tv = (TextView)v.findViewById(com.android.internal.R.id.message);
        tv.setText(text);

        result.mNextView = v;
        result.mDuration = duration;

        return result;
    }
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新建了一个Toast对象，然后对显示的布局、内容、时长进行了设置，并返回Toast对象。

继续查看new Toast()的源码

    public Toast(@NonNull Context context, @Nullable Looper looper) {
        mContext = context;
        mTN = new TN(context.getPackageName(), looper);
        mTN.mY = context.getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(
                com.android.internal.R.dimen.toast_y_offset);
        mTN.mGravity = context.getResources().getInteger(
                com.android.internal.R.integer.config_toastDefaultGravity);
    }
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继续查看核心代码 mTN = new TN(context.getPackageName(), looper); TN初始化的源码为：

        TN(String packageName, @Nullable Looper looper) {
            //省略部分不相关代码
            if (looper == null) {
                // 没有传入Looper对象的话，使用当前线程对应的Looper对象
                looper = Looper.myLooper();
                if (looper == null) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(
                            "Can't toast on a thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
                }
            }
            //初始化了Handler对象
            mHandler = new Handler(looper, null) {
                @Override
                public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                    switch (msg.what) {
                        case SHOW: {
                            IBinder token = (IBinder) msg.obj;
                            handleShow(token);
                            break;
                        }
                        case HIDE: {
                            handleHide();
                            // Don't do this in handleHide() because it is also invoked by
                            // handleShow()
                            mNextView = null;
                            break;
                        }
                        case CANCEL: {
                            handleHide();
                            // Don't do this in handleHide() because it is also invoked by
                            // handleShow()
                            mNextView = null;
                            try {
                                getService().cancelToast(mPackageName, TN.this);
                            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                            }
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            };
        }
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继续追踪handleShow(token)方法：

        public void handleShow(IBinder windowToken) {
            //省略部分代码
            if (mView != mNextView) {
                // remove the old view if necessary
                handleHide();
                mView = mNextView;
                Context context = mView.getContext().getApplicationContext();
                String packageName = mView.getContext().getOpPackageName();
                if (context == null) {
                    context = mView.getContext();
                }
                mWM = (WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
                /*
                ·*省略设置显示属性的代码
                ·*/
                if (mView.getParent() != null) {
                    if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "REMOVE! " + mView + " in " + this);
                    mWM.removeView(mView);
                }
=                try {
                    mWM.addView(mView, mParams);
                    trySendAccessibilityEvent();
                } catch (WindowManager.BadTokenException e) {
                    /* ignore */
                }
            }
        }
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通过源码可以看出，Toast显示内容是通过mWM（WindowManager类型）的直接添加的，更正：mWm.addView 时，对应的ViewRootImp初始化发生在子线程，checkThread方法中的mThread != Thread.currentThread()判断为true，所以不会抛出只能在主线程更新UI的异常。

转载于:https://juejin.im/post/5c7e19b7518825196101a47d