查看apache的连接数
# netstat -n | awk ‘/^tcp/ {++S[$NF]} END {for(a in S) print a, S[a]}’
LAST_ACK 1
SYN_RECV 164
CLOSE_WAIT 3
ESTABLISHED 655
FIN_WAIT1 15
FIN_WAIT2 81
SYN_SENT 3
TIME_WAIT 14274
系统很多TIME_WAIT状态的连接,不能及时回收。访问量大的时候时常出现连接超时。
解决办法是调整内核参数,加快TIME_WAIT状态连接的回收和启用重用。
修改内核代码
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 #表示开启重用。允许将TIME-WAIT sockets重新用于新的TCP连接,默认为0,表示关闭;
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 #表示开启TCP连接中TIME-WAIT sockets的快速回收,默认为0,表示关闭。
sysctl -p
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 #表示开启重用。允许将TIME-WAIT sockets重新用于新的TCP连接,默认为0,表示关闭;
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 #表示开启TCP连接中TIME-WAIT sockets的快速回收,默认为0,表示关闭。
sysctl -p
更多参数调整看以前的博客Linux web服务器常用内核参数注解
调整后TIME_WAIT状态连接立即减少:
# netstat -n | awk ‘/^tcp/ {++S[$NF]} END {for(a in S) print a, S[a]}’
LAST_ACK 9
SYN_RECV 171
CLOSE_WAIT 2
ESTABLISHED 767
FIN_WAIT1 27
FIN_WAIT2 13
TIME_WAIT 3675
# netstat -n | awk ‘/^tcp/ {++S[$NF]} END {for(a in S) print a, S[a]}’
LAST_ACK 9
SYN_RECV 275
CLOSE_WAIT 3
ESTABLISHED 1111
FIN_WAIT1 42
FIN_WAIT2 154
TIME_WAIT 1804
在安装linux后的内核优化根据下面的选项,在优化Linux内核中要注意你修改的每一个参数,以保证万无一失.
kernel.shmall = 268435456
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 786432 1048576 1572864
net.core.wmem_max = 873200
net.core.rmem_max = 873200
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 8192 436600 873200
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 32768 436600 873200
net.core.somaxconn = 256
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 1000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 2048
net.ipv4.tcp_retries2 = 5
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 500
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 0
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 0
各选项的解释:
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
#表示开启SYN Cookies。当出现SYN等待队列溢出时,启用cookies来处理,可防范少量SYN***,默认为0,表示关闭;
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
#表示开启重用。允许将TIME-WAIT sockets重新用于新的TCP连接,默认为0,表示关闭;
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#表示开启TCP连接中TIME-WAIT sockets的快速回收,默认为0,表示关闭。
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#表示如果套接字由本端要求关闭,这个参数决定了它保持在FIN-WAIT-2状态的时间。
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200
#表示当keepalive起用的时候,TCP发送keepalive消息的频度。缺省是2小时,改为20分钟。
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
#表示用于向外连接的端口范围。缺省情况下很小:32768到61000,改为1024到65000。
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
#表示系统同时保持TIME_WAIT套接字的最大数量,如果超过这个数字,
#TIME_WAIT套接字将立刻被清除并打印警告信息。默认为180000,改为5000。
#对于Apache、Nginx等服务器,上几行的参数可以很好地减少TIME_WAIT套接字数量,
#但是对于Squid,效果却不大。此项参数可以控制TIME_WAIT套接字的最大数量,避免Squid服务器被大量的TIME_WAIT套接字拖死。
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/colderboy/465962