首先,添加framework:libsqlite3.0.dylib
需要在对应文件的头文件中加入:
#import "/usr/include/sqlite3.h"
并在Frameworks中加入所需的库,否则会报错:
Undefined symbols:
"_sqlite3_open", referenced from:
加入库的方法是:
image
选择sqlite库:
image
选择完的效果:
image
下面是代码:
//sqlite
[self openDataBase];
//[self createTable];
//[self insertTable];
[self queryTable];
[self deleteTable];
[self queryTable];
实现:
//open database
- (void)openDataBase
{
NSArray *documentsPaths=NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory
, NSUserDomainMask
, YES);
NSString *databaseFilePath=[[documentsPaths objectAtIndex:0] stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"db.sql"];
if (sqlite3_open([databaseFilePath UTF8String], &database)==SQLITE_OK)
{
NSLog(@"open sqlite db ok.");
}
else
{
NSLog( @"can not open sqlite db " );
//close database
sqlite3_close(database);
}
}
//create table
- (void)createTable
{
char *errorMsg;
const char *createSql="create table if not exists persons (id integer primary key autoincrement,name text)";
if (sqlite3_exec(database, createSql, NULL, NULL, &errorMsg)==SQLITE_OK)
{
NSLog(@"create ok.");
}
else
{
NSLog( @"can not create table" );
[self ErrorReport:(NSString *)createSql];
}
}
//insert table
- (void)insertTable
{
char *errorMsg;
const char *insertSql="insert into persons (name) values ('田周辉')";
if (sqlite3_exec(database, insertSql, NULL, NULL, &errorMsg)==SQLITE_OK)
{
NSLog(@"insert ok.");
}
else
{
NSLog( @"can not insert it to table" );
[self ErrorReport: (NSString *)insertSql];
}
}
//error
- (void)ErrorReport: (NSString *)item
{
char *errorMsg;
if (sqlite3_exec(database, (const char *)item, NULL, NULL, &errorMsg)==SQLITE_OK)
{
NSLog(@"%@ ok.",item);
}
else
{
NSLog(@"error: %s",errorMsg);
sqlite3_free(errorMsg);
}
}
//query table
- (void)queryTable
{
const char *selectSql="select id,name from persons";
sqlite3_stmt *statement;
if (sqlite3_prepare_v2(database, selectSql, -1, &statement, nil)==SQLITE_OK)
{
NSLog(@"select ok.");
while (sqlite3_step(statement)==SQLITE_ROW)//SQLITE_OK SQLITE_ROW
{
int _id=sqlite3_column_int(statement, 0);
NSString *name=[[NSString alloc] initWithCString:(char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement, 1) encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSLog(@"row>>id %i, name>> %@",_id,name);
}
}
else
{
//error
[self ErrorReport: (NSString *)selectSql];
}
sqlite3_finalize(statement);
}
//delete table
- (void)deleteTable
{
char *errorMsg;
[self openDataBase];
const char *sql = "DELETE FROM persons where id=24";
if (sqlite3_exec(database, sql, NULL, NULL, &errorMsg)==SQLITE_OK)
{
NSLog(@"delete ok.");
}
else
{
NSLog( @"can not delete it" );
[self ErrorReport: (NSString *)sql];
}
}
命令行:
sqlite3 database //创建数据库
crate table tableFile(id smallint, file_name varchar(256), up_state smallint, file_size smallint); //创建一个表格
insert into tableFile values(1, "200110101.rcu", 100, 4500); //插入数据
5 如何访问SQLite3数据库
sqlite3_open //打开数据库
sqlite3_prepare //将UTF-8格式的SQL语句转换为指向已备语句的指针
sqlite3_column_string //返回某一行的字符串
sqlite3_finalize //删除一条已备语句
sqlite3_close //关闭数据库
6 source code
- (id)lookupSingularSQL:(NSString *)sql forType:(NSString *)rettype {
sqlite3_stmt *statement;
id result;
if (statement = [self prepare:sql]) {
if (sqlite3_step(statement) == SQLITE_ROW) {
if ([rettype compare:@"text"] == NSOrderedSame) {
char temp_buf[256];
memset(temp_buf, 0, 256);
sprintf(temp_buf, "%s %s %s %s",
(char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement,0),
(char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement,1),
(char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement,2),
(char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement,3)
);
result = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:temp_buf];
//result = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:(char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement,0)];
} else if ([rettype compare:@"integer"] == NSOrderedSame) {
result = (id)sqlite3_column_int(statement,0);
}
}
}
sqlite3_finalize(statement);
return result;
}
应该有个成员变量,比如我的代码:
@interface DetailViewController : UIViewController {
UIPopoverController *popoverController;
UIToolbar *toolbar;
id detailItem;
UILabel *detailDescriptionLabel;
sqlite3 *database;
打开数据库
SQLite数据库是文件数据库,是保存在文件系统中的。因此需要知道文件保存到哪里,可参见iOS中对文件的操作。比如本文保存到Documents目录下。代码:
NSArray *documentsPaths=NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory
, NSUserDomainMask
, YES);
NSString *databaseFilePath=[[documentsPaths objectAtIndex:0] stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"mydb"];
if (sqlite3_open([databaseFilePath UTF8String], &database)==SQLITE_OK) {
NSLog(@"open sqlite db ok.");
}
通过ssh查看Documents目录,发现mydb文件已经创建。sqlite的策略是如果有该文件就打开,如果没有就创建文件,也就是创建数据库。
这里要注意,使用的是C语法,sqlite3_open传入的是database的地址。
关闭数据库
数据库使用完毕后,要关闭,比如退出应用的时候:
- (void)viewDidUnload {
// Release any retained subviews of the main view.
// e.g. self.myOutlet = nil;
sqlite3_close(database);
self.popoverController = nil;
}
建表语句
数据库打开以后,如果没有表,建表:
char *errorMsg;
const char *createSql="create table if not exists persons (id integer primary key autoincrement,name text)";
if (sqlite3_exec(database, createSql, NULL, NULL, &errorMsg)==SQLITE_OK) {
NSLog(@"create ok.");
}
这里要特别注意errorMsg传的是地址,因为该函数要通过地址引用来写报错字符信息。
向表中插入记录
和建表语句类似:
const char *insertSql="insert into persons (name) values(‘张三’)";
if (sqlite3_exec(database, insertSql, NULL, NULL, &errorMsg)==SQLITE_OK) {
NSLog(@"insert ok.");
}
错误信息的处理
如果在多个地方使用errorMsg,那么每次使用完毕要清空一下字串,比如这样:
if (sqlite3_exec(database, createSql, NULL, NULL, &errorMsg)==SQLITE_OK) {
NSLog(@"create ok.");
}else {
NSLog(@"error: %s",errorMsg);
sqlite3_free(errorMsg);
}
查询结果集
结果集的查询,需要用到statement:
const char *selectSql="select id,name from persons";
sqlite3_stmt *statement;
if (sqlite3_prepare_v2(database, selectSql, -1, &statement, nil)==SQLITE_OK) {
NSLog(@"select ok.");
}
while (sqlite3_step(statement)==SQLITE_ROW) {
int _id=sqlite3_column_int(statement, 0);
char *name=(char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement, 1);
NSLog(@"row>>id %i, name %s",_id,name);
}
sqlite3_finalize(statement);
不过这里有个问题,看看打印的日志:
image
乱码。因为直接用的char类型来做的。
解决办法是,用nsstring替代char:
while (sqlite3_step(statement)==SQLITE_ROW) {
int _id=sqlite3_column_int(statement, 0);
NSString *name=[[NSString alloc] initWithCString:(char *)sqlite3_column_text(statement, 1) encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSLog(@"row>>id %i, name %@",_id,name);
}
char生成nsstring的时候做一次显式的编码。问题解决:
image
这说明:
写入数据库,用char的方式没有问题,写入数据库的编码是对的;
从库中取出,可能默认使用ascii解码,造成显示乱码。
使用sqlite c api,要经常参考官方函数文档:http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/funclist.html