SQLite--SQLiteDatabase、SQLiteOpenHelper、sqlite3.c--（jni、头文件）--源码分析基于Android M

open database：

*使用ContextImpl#openOrCreateDatabase(),返回一个SQLiteDatabase对象。

*可以去继承SQLiteOpenHelper，然后调用getWritableDatabase（）可以获取SQLiteDatabase，使用SQLiteOpenHelper去获取，那么就要复写onCreate和onUpgrade方法。

分析SQLiteOpenHelper#getWritableDatabase（）：

public SQLiteDatabase getWritableDatabase() {
        synchronized (this) {
            return getDatabaseLocked(true);
        }
    }

private SQLiteDatabase getDatabaseLocked(boolean writable) {
        if (mDatabase != null) {
            if (!mDatabase.isOpen()) {
                // Darn!  The user closed the database by calling mDatabase.close().
                mDatabase = null;
            } else if (!writable || !mDatabase.isReadOnly()) {
                // The database is already open for business.
                return mDatabase;
            }
        }

        if (mIsInitializing) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("getDatabase called recursively");
        }

        SQLiteDatabase db = mDatabase;
        try {
            mIsInitializing = true;

            if (db != null) {
                if (writable && db.isReadOnly()) {
                    db.reopenReadWrite();
                }
            } else if (mName == null) {
                db = SQLiteDatabase.create(null);
            } else {
                try {
                    if (DEBUG_STRICT_READONLY && !writable) {
                        final String path = mContext.getDatabasePath(mName).getPath();
                        db = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(path, mFactory,
                                SQLiteDatabase.OPEN_READONLY, mErrorHandler);
                    } else {
                        db = mContext.openOrCreateDatabase(mName, mEnableWriteAheadLogging ?
                                Context.MODE_ENABLE_WRITE_AHEAD_LOGGING : 0,
                                mFactory, mErrorHandler);
                    }
                } catch (SQLiteException ex) {
                    if (writable) {
                        throw ex;
                    }
                    Log.e(TAG, "Couldn't open " + mName
                            + " for writing (will try read-only):", ex);
                    final String path = mContext.getDatabasePath(mName).getPath();
                    db = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(path, mFactory,
                            SQLiteDatabase.OPEN_READONLY, mErrorHandler);//创建数据库单例对象，后面会重点分析
                }
            }

            onConfigure(db);

            final int version = db.getVersion();//获取版本号
            if (version != mNewVersion) {
                if (db.isReadOnly()) {
                    throw new SQLiteException("Can't upgrade read-only database from version " +
                            db.getVersion() + " to " + mNewVersion + ": " + mName);
                }

                db.beginTransaction();
                try {
                    if (version == 0) {//如果版本号为0，则是第一次创建数据库，需要创建数据库文件。就要调用onCreate，所以之后就不用调用onCreate了
                        onCreate(db);
                    } else {
                        if (version > mNewVersion) {//如果version<mNewVersion就需要更新数据库，调用onUpgrade（）
                            onDowngrade(db, version, mNewVersion);
                        } else {
                            onUpgrade(db, version, mNewVersion);
                        }
                    }
                    db.setVersion(mNewVersion);//设置database版本号为新的版本号
                    db.setTransactionSuccessful();
                } finally {
                    db.endTransaction();
                }
            }

            onOpen(db);

            if (db.isReadOnly()) {
                Log.w(TAG, "Opened " + mName + " in read-only mode");
            }

            mDatabase = db;
            return db;
        } finally {
            mIsInitializing = false;
            if (db != null && db != mDatabase) {
                db.close();
            }
        }
    }

复写SQLiteOpenHelper的onCreate和onUpgrade：

onCreate中一般就是创建数据库表格。可以使用CREATE table IF NOT EXISTS

onUpgrade，看看SettingsProvider的DatabaseHelper#onUpgrade（）:

@Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int currentVersion) {
        Log.w(TAG, "Upgrading settings database from version " + oldVersion + " to "
                + currentVersion);

        int upgradeVersion = oldVersion;

        // Pattern for upgrade blocks:
        //
        //    if (upgradeVersion == [the DATABASE_VERSION you set] - 1) {
        //        .. your upgrade logic..
        //        upgradeVersion = [the DATABASE_VERSION you set]
        //    }

        if (upgradeVersion == 20) {
            /*
             * Version 21 is part of the volume control refresh. There is no
             * longer a UI-visible for setting notification vibrate on/off (in
             * our design), but the functionality still exists. Force the
             * notification vibrate to on.
             */
            loadVibrateSetting(db, true);

            upgradeVersion = 21;
        }

        if (upgradeVersion < 22) {
            upgradeVersion = 22;
            // Upgrade the lock gesture storage location and format
            upgradeLockPatternLocation(db);
        }

        if (upgradeVersion < 23) {
            db.execSQL("UPDATE favorites SET iconResource=0 WHERE iconType=0");
            upgradeVersion = 23;
        }

        if (upgradeVersion == 23) {
            db.beginTransaction();
            try {
                db.execSQL("ALTER TABLE favorites ADD spanX INTEGER");
                db.execSQL("ALTER TABLE favorites ADD spanY INTEGER");
                // Shortcuts, applications, folders
                db.execSQL("UPDATE favorites SET spanX=1, spanY=1 WHERE itemType<=0");
                // Photo frames, clocks
                db.execSQL(
                    "UPDATE favorites SET spanX=2, spanY=2 WHERE itemType=1000 or itemType=1002");
                // Search boxes
                db.execSQL("UPDATE favorites SET spanX=4, spanY=1 WHERE itemType=1001");
                db.setTransactionSuccessful();
            } finally {
                db.endTransaction();
            }
            upgradeVersion = 24;
        }

//... ...太多了省略一些

if (upgradeVersion < 116) {
            if (mUserHandle == UserHandle.USER_OWNER) {
                db.beginTransaction();
                SQLiteStatement stmt = null;
                try {
                    stmt = db.compileStatement("INSERT OR IGNORE INTO global(name,value)"
                            + " VALUES(?,?);");
                    loadSetting(stmt, Settings.Global.ENHANCED_4G_MODE_ENABLED, ImsConfig.FeatureValueConstants.ON);
                    db.setTransactionSuccessful();
                } finally {
                    db.endTransaction();
                    if (stmt != null) stmt.close();
                }
            }
            upgradeVersion = 116;
        }

        if (upgradeVersion < 117) {
            db.beginTransaction();
            try {
                String[] systemToSecure = {
                        Settings.Secure.LOCK_TO_APP_EXIT_LOCKED
                };
                moveSettingsToNewTable(db, TABLE_SYSTEM, TABLE_SECURE, systemToSecure, true);
                db.setTransactionSuccessful();