Ways of Installing Ruby
We have several tools on each major platform to install Ruby:
- On Linux/UNIX, you can use the package management system of your distribution or third-party tools (rbenv and RVM).
- On OS X machines, you can use third-party tools (rbenv and RVM).
- On Windows machines, you can use RubyInstaller.
See the Installation page for details on using package management systems or third-party tools.
Of course, you can also install Ruby from source on all major platforms.
RVM (“Ruby Version Manager”)
RVM allows you to install and manage multiple installations of Ruby on your system. It can also manage different gemsets. It is available for OS X, Linux, or other UNIX-like operating systems.
[root@localhost ~]# gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3
gpg: requesting key D39DC0E3 from hkp server keys.gnupg.net
gpg: key D39DC0E3: public key "Michal Papis (RVM signing) <mpapis@gmail.com>" imported
gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: imported: 1 (RSA: 1)
[root@localhost ~]# \curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/archive/1.27.0.tar.gz
Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/releases/download/1.27.0/1.27.0.tar.gz.asc
gpg: Signature made Tue 29 Mar 2016 09:49:47 PM CST using RSA key ID BF04FF17
gpg: Good signature from "Michal Papis (RVM signing) <mpapis@gmail.com>"
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: 409B 6B17 96C2 7546 2A17 0311 3804 BB82 D39D C0E3
Subkey fingerprint: 62C9 E5F4 DA30 0D94 AC36 166B E206 C29F BF04 FF17
GPG verified '/usr/local/rvm/archives/rvm-1.27.0.tgz'
Creating group 'rvm'
Installing RVM to /usr/local/rvm/
Installation of RVM in /usr/local/rvm/ is almost complete:
* First you need to add all users that will be using rvm to 'rvm' group,
and logout - login again, anyone using rvm will be operating with `umask u=rwx,g=rwx,o=rx`.
* To start using RVM you need to run `source /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh`
in all your open shell windows, in rare cases you need to reopen all shell windows.
# Hi,
#
# Thank you for using RVM!
# We sincerely hope that RVM helps to make your life easier and more enjoyable!!!
#
# ~Wayne, Michal & team.
In case of problems: https://rvm.io/help and https://twitter.com/rvm_io
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh
[root@localhost ~]# rvm list known
# MRI Rubies
[ruby-]1.8.6[-p420]
[ruby-]1.8.7[-head] # security released on head
[ruby-]1.9.1[-p431]
[ruby-]1.9.2[-p330]
[ruby-]1.9.3[-p551]
[ruby-]2.0.0[-p648]
[ruby-]2.1[.8]
[ruby-]2.2[.4]
[ruby-]2.3[.0]
[ruby-]2.2-head
ruby-head
# for forks use: rvm install ruby-head-<name> --url https://github.com/github/ruby.git --branch 2.2
# JRuby
jruby-1.6[.8]
jruby-1.7[.23]
jruby[-9.0.5.0]
jruby-head
# Rubinius
rbx-1[.4.3]
rbx-2.3[.0]
rbx-2.4[.1]
rbx[-2.5.8]
rbx-head
# Opal
opal
# Minimalistic ruby implementation - ISO 30170:2012
mruby[-head]
# Ruby Enterprise Edition
ree-1.8.6
ree[-1.8.7][-2012.02]
# GoRuby
goruby
# Topaz
topaz
# MagLev
maglev[-head]
maglev-1.0.0
# Mac OS X Snow Leopard Or Newer
macruby-0.10
macruby-0.11
macruby[-0.12]
macruby-nightly
macruby-head
[root@localhost ~]# man rvm
# IronRuby
ironruby[-1.1.3]
ironruby-head
RVM(1) [FIXME: manual] RVM(1)
NAME
rvm - The Ruby Version Manager
SYNOPSIS
rvm [FLAGS] [OPTIONS] ACTION [IMPLEMENTATION[,IMPLEMENTATION[,...]]
DESCRIPTION
RVM is a command line tool which allows us to easily install, manage and work with multiple ruby
environments from interpreters to sets of gems.
FLAGS
--head
with update, updates rvm to git head version.
--rubygems
with update, updates rubygems for selected ruby
--default
with ruby select, sets a default ruby for new shells.
--debug
Toggle debug mode on for very verbose output.
--trace
Toggle trace mode on to see EVERYTHING rvm is doing.
[root@localhost ~]# rvm --help
= rvm
* https://rvm.io/
* https://github.com/rvm/rvm/
== DESCRIPTION:
RVM is the Ruby enVironment Manager (rvm).
It manages Ruby application environments and enables switching between them.
== Installation
curl -L https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable --autolibs=enabled [--ruby] [--rails] [--trace]
stable :: Install stable RVM, good for servers.
--ruby :: Additionally install latest ruby version (MRI).
--rails :: Install gem rails into default gemset (also installs ruby=).
--trace :: Print trace of the installation, gist output when you have problems.
--autolibs :: Enable or disable autolibs see: https://rvm.io/rvm/autolibs
More details here: https://rvm.io/rvm/install/
== Usage
rvm [Flags] [Options] Action [Implementation[,Implementation[,...]]
== Flags
--default :: with 'rvm use X', sets the default ruby for new shells to X.
--debug :: Toggle debug mode on for very verbose output.
--disable-binary :: Install from source instead of using binaries
--trace :: Toggle trace mode on to see EVERYTHING rvm is doing.
--force :: Force install, removes old install & source before install.
--summary :: Used with rubydo to print out a summary of the commands run.
--latest :: with gemset --dump skips version strings for latest gem.
--gems :: with uninstall/remove removes gems with the interpreter.
--docs :: with install, attempt to generate ri after installation.
--reconfigure :: Force ./configure on install even if Makefile already exists.
--skip-gemsets :: with install, skip the installation of default gemsets.
--quiet-curl :: Makes curl silent when fetching data
--64 :: Option for installing 64-bit Rubies (default behavior)
--32 :: Option for installing 32-bit Rubies
== Options
-v|--version :: Emit rvm version loaded for current shell
-l|--level :: patch level to use with rvm use / install
--bin :: path for binaries to be placed (~/.rvm/bin/)
-S :: Specify a script file to attempt to load and run (rubydo)
-e :: Execute code from the command line.
--gems :: Used to set the 'gems_flag', use with 'remove' to remove
gems
--archive :: Used to set the 'archive_flag', use with 'remove' to remove
archive
--patch :: With MRI Rubies you may specify one or more full paths to
patches
for multiple, specify comma separated:
--patch /.../.../a.patch[%prefix],/.../.../.../b.patch
'prefix' is an optional argument, which will be bypassed
to the '-p' argument of the 'patch' command. It is separated
from patch file name with '%' symbol.
-C|--configure :: custom configure options. If you need to pass several
configure options then append them comma separated:
-C --...,--...,--...
--nice :: process niceness (for slow computers, default 0)
--ree-options :: Options passed directly to ree's './installer' on the
command line.
--with-rubies :: Specifies a string for rvm to attempt to expand for set
operations.
== Action
(Note: for most actions, 'rvm help action-name' may provide more information.)
*usage* :: show this usage information
version :: show the rvm version installed in rvm_path
use :: setup current shell to use a specific ruby version
reload :: reload rvm source itself (useful after changing rvm source)
implode :: (seppuku) removes the rvm installation completely.
This means everything in $rvm_path (~/.rvm || /usr/local/rvm).
This does not touch your profiles. However, this means that you
must manually clean up your profiles and remove the lines which
source RVM.
get :: {head,stable} upgrades rvm to latest head or stable version.
Check 'rvm help get' for more details.
(If you experience bugs try this first with head version, then
ask for help in #rvm on irc.freenode.net and hang around)
reset :: remove current and stored default & system settings.
(If you experience odd behavior try this second)
info :: show the *current* environment information for current ruby
current :: print the *current* ruby version and the name of any gemset
being used.
debug :: show info plus additional information for common issues
install :: install one or many ruby versions
See also: https://rvm.io/rubies/installing/
uninstall :: uninstall one or many ruby versions, leaves their sources
remove :: uninstall one or many ruby versions and remove their sources
reinstall :: reinstall ruby and runs gem pristine on all gems,
make sure to read output, use 'all' for all rubies.
migrate :: Lets you migrate all gemsets from one ruby to another.
upgrade :: Lets you upgrade from one version of a ruby to another, including
migrating your gemsets semi-automatically.
wrapper :: generates a set of wrapper executables for a given ruby with the
specified ruby and gemset combination. Used under the hood for
passenger support and the like.
cleanup :: Lets you remove stale source folders / archives and other
miscellaneous data associated with rvm.
repair :: Lets you repair parts of your environment e.g. wrappers, env
files and similar files (e.g. general maintenance).
fix-permissions :: Repairs broken permissions (e.g. by sudo or chef)
osx-ssl-certs :: Helps update certificates for OpenSSL installed by rvm on OSX.
snapshot :: Lets you backup / restore an rvm installation in a lightweight
manner.
alias :: Lets you set shortcut strings for convenience with 'rvm use'.
disk-usage :: Tells you how much disk space rvm install is using.
tools :: Provides general information about the ruby environment,
primarily useful when scripting rvm.
docs :: Tools to make installing ri and rdoc documentation easier.
rvmrc :: Tools related to managing rvmrc trust and loading.
patchset :: Tools related to managing ruby patchsets.
do :: runs an arbitrary command against specified and/or all rubies
cron :: Manages setup for using ruby in cron tasks.
gemset :: gemsets: https://rvm.io/gemsets/
rubygems :: Switches the installed version of rubygems for the current ruby.
config-get :: display values for RbConfig::CONFIG variables.
gemdir :: display the path to the current gem directory (GEM_HOME).
fetch :: Performs an archive / src fetch only of the selected ruby.
list :: show currently installed rubies, interactive output.
https://rvm.io/rubies/list/
autolibs :: Controls settings for automatically installing dependencies.
pkg :: Install a dependency package {readline,iconv,zlib,openssl}
https://rvm.io/packages/
notes :: Display notes, with operating system specifics.
export :: Temporarily set an environment variable in the current shell.
unexport :: Undo changes made to the environment by 'rvm export'.
requirements :: Installs additional OS specific dependencies/requirements for
building various rubies. Usually run by install.
mount :: Install rubies from external locations.
user :: Tools for managing RVM mixed mode in multiuser installations.
group :: Tools for managing groups in multiuser installations.
== Implementation
*ruby* :: MRI/YARV Ruby (The Gold Standard) {1.8.x, 1.9.x, 2.0.x, 2.1.x, 2.2.x}
jruby :: JRuby, Ruby interpreter on the Java Virtual Machine.
rbx :: Rubinius
ree :: Ruby Enterprise Edition, MRI Ruby with several custom
patches for performance, stability, and memory.
macruby :: MacRuby, insanely fast, can make real apps (Mac OS X Only).
maglev :: GemStone Ruby, awesome persistent ruby object store.
ironruby :: IronRuby, NOT supported yet. Looking for volunteers to help.
system :: use the system ruby (eg. pre-rvm state)
default :: use the default ruby (or the system ruby if a default hasn't been set).
https://rvm.io/rubies/default/
== Resources:
https://rvm.io/
https://www.pivotaltracker.com/projects/26822
== Contributions:
Any and all contributions offered in any form, past present or future, to the
RVM project are understood to be in complete agreement and acceptance with the
Apache License v2.0.
== LICENSE:
Copyright (c) 2009-2011 Wayne E. Seguin
Copyright (c) 2011-2016 Michal Papis
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
Action documentation available with 'rvm help action-name':
alias autolibs cleanup config-get cron current debug disk-usage do docs fetch fix-permissions gemdir gemset gemset/copy get group implode info install list migrate mount notes osx-ssl-certs patchset pkg prepare reinstall remove repair requirements reset rubygems rvmrc rvmrc/to rvmrc/warning snapshot srcdir tools uninstall upgrade use user wrapper
Other topics of documentation available with 'rvm help topic':
alt color upgrade-notes
For additional information please visit RVM's documentation website:
https://rvm.io/
If you still cannot find an answer to your question, find
'wayneeseguin', 'mpapis', 'richo', 'lemoinem' or 'rys' in #rvm on irc.freenode.net:
http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=rvm
[root@localhost ~]# rvm install 2.1.3
Searching for binary rubies, this might take some time.
Found remote file https://rvm_io.global.ssl.fastly.net/bi
Checking requirements for centos.
Installing requirements for centos.
Installing required packages: libyaml-devel, readline-dev
Requirements installation successful.
ruby-2.1.3 - #configure
ruby-2.1.3 - #download
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time
Dload Upload Total
100 19.6M 100 19.6M 0 0 50213 0 0:06:50 0
ruby-2.1.3 - #validate archive
ruby-2.1.3 - #extract
ruby-2.1.3 - #validate binary
ruby-2.1.3 - #setup
ruby-2.1.3 - #gemset created /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1
ruby-2.1.3 - #importing gemset /usr/local/rvm/gemsets/glo
ruby-2.1.3 - #generating global wrappers........
ruby-2.1.3 - #gemset created /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1
ruby-2.1.3 - #importing gemsetfile /usr/local/rvm/gemsets
ruby-2.1.3 - #generating default wrappers........我们采用rvm安装ruby的步骤如上面所示，然后，我们可以验证安装成功后的版本提示如下：
[root@localhost ~]# ruby -v
ruby 2.1.3p242 (2014-09-19 revision 47630) [x86_64-linux]除此之外，我们也可以使用源码编译进行安装，在此就不赘述了.
下面可以直接运行一下Ruby程序了，
可以直接输入ruby，
也可以输入irb来交互式的输入ruby命令，
也可以编写ruby源文件，然后运行它.
我们这里简单的编写了一个函数，注意ruby文件的后缀为*.rb
[root@localhost ~]# ruby
puts "hello,world!"
hello,world!
[root@localhost ~]# irb
2.1.3 :001 > puts "hello,work"
hello,work
=> nil
2.1.3 :002 > def sum(n1,n2)
2.1.3 :003?> n1+n2
2.1.3 :004?> end
=> :sum
2.1.3 :005 > sum(12,12)
=> 24
[root@localhost ~]# vi demo.rb
puts "hello,world"
def hello(name)
puts "hello #{name}!"
end
hello("centos")
[root@localhost ~]# ruby demo.rb
hello,world
hello centos!帮助文档的查阅可以使用ri命令，
[root@localhost ~]# ri
Enter the method name you want to look up.
You can use tab to autocomplete.
Enter a blank line to exit.
>> 下面继续玩一下ruby吧：
[root@localhost ~]# irb
2.1.3 :001 > "hello,world"
=> "hello,world"
2.1.3 :002 > "hello,world".object_id
=> 22256660
2.1.3 :003 > "hello,world".object_id
=> 22239000
2.1.3 :004 > "hello,world".object_id
=> 22230060
2.1.3 :005 > "hello,world".object_id
=> 22220540
2.1.3 :006 > 1.object_id
=> 3
2.1.3 :007 > 1.object_id
=> 3
2.1.3 :008 > 1.object_id
=> 3
2.1.3 :009 > true.object_id
=> 20
2.1.3 :010 > false.object_id
=> 0
2.1.3 :011 > false.object_id
=> 0
[root@localhost ~]# cat name.rb
$prefix = "hello:"
class Name
@@count = 0
def initialize(firstName, lastName)
@firstName = firstName
@lastName = lastName
@@count=@@count + 1
end
def self.get_name_count
@@count
end
def lastName
@lastName
end
def firstName
@firstName
end
def name_with_prefix
$prefix + fullName
end
def fullName
name = @firstName+" "+@lastName
name
end
end
[root@localhost ~]# irb
2.1.3 :001 > load 'name.rb'
=> true
2.1.3 :002 > Name
=> Name
2.1.3 :003 > Name.new('a','b')
=> #<Name:0x00000000d2ea88 @firstName="a", @lastName="b">
2.1.3 :004 > $prefix
=> "hello:"
2.1.3 :005 > ab = Name.new('a','b')
=> #<Name:0x00000000d26270 @firstName="a", @lastName="b">
2.1.3 :006 > ab.firstName
=> "a"
2.1.3 :007 > ab.lastName
=> "b"
2.1.3 :008 > ab.name_with_prefix
=> "hello:a b"
2.1.3 :009 > Name.get_name_count
=> 2 需要注意Ruby是一种完全面向对象的编程语言.
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