邮票面值设计 (动态规划+DFS)

题意:https://ac.nowcoder.com/acm/problem/16813

思路:

  深度搜索:每一层枚举一个面值,然后通过dp进行检查,并通过已知面值得到最多n张得到的最大表示数。

       其实,该搜索就是一个比较裸的,进行剪枝,枚举的面值还是存在范围的,上一次面值+1~n*sum(sum表示所有已知面值相加,其实这只是一个粗糙的剪枝,但是,对于我这种弱鸡莱来说还是香)

更多,细节的解释还是在代码里。还有,有多余的输出,需要自己去删除。

#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
int n, k, res, ans[105], f[2005], curans[105];
int solve(int dep, int sum){
    memset(f, 0x3f, sizeof(f));
    f[0] = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i <= dep; ++i){
        for (int j = curans[i]; j <= n*sum; ++j)            //完全背包,f[i]记录的是在已知的面值中选择最少数量
            f[j] = min(f[j], f[j - curans[i]] + 1);            //如果最少数量大于n时,说明i这个数字不能表示,但是
    }                                                        //i-1表示可表示的最大值。
    for (int i = 1; i <= n*sum; ++i){
        if (f[i] > n){
            return i - 1;
        }
    }
    return n*sum;
}

void dfs(int dep, int last, int maxn, int sum){
    if (dep > k){                                        //dep作为递归结束,maxn是一个估计上界(因为不能无限
        if (res < maxn){                                //枚举下去,但是面值肯定小于n*sum)
            res = maxn;                                    //而枚举的下界就是i+1
            for (int i = 1; i <= k; ++i){
                ans[i] = curans[i];
            }
        }
        return;
    }
    for (int i = last + 1; i <= maxn + 1; ++i){
        curans[dep] = i;
        int x = solve(dep, sum + i);
        cout << "dep=" << dep<<endl;
        cout << "maxn=" << maxn << "   sum+i=" << sum + i << endl;
        cout << "x=" << x << endl;
        for (int i = 1; i <= dep; ++i)
            cout << "cur[" << i << "]="<<curans[i] << endl;
        cout << endl << endl;
        dfs(dep + 1, i, x, sum + i);
    }
}

int main(){
    cin >> n >> k;
    dfs(1, 0, 0, 0);
    for (int i = 1; i <= k; ++i)
        cout << ans[i] << " ";
    cout << endl << "MAX=" << res << endl;
}

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/ALINGMAOMAO/p/10355545.html

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DESCRIPTION: 1.Analyze Problem A : sorted stamps array A={ai} ai: one stamp element in array n: array size, that is number of elements in array r: desired value of stamps F(n,r):expected result, minimum number of stamps for a given value r from n size array. S: selected stamps array S={si} 2.Choose Algorithm a.Greedy algorithm seems to be a good choice, try to solve it in O(n), i try divide array into subarry B={bi}, r should larger than every elemnt in B that is r>bi and suppose bk is the smallest element in B, so that r= bk%r, f(i,r)=(bk/r), F(n,r)=∑f(i,r). The main idea is to choose the last element who larger than desired value each time. However,it can not give us optimal solution in some condition, like A={8,5,4,1}, if r=10, this algoritm will give a solution F(n,r)=3, S={8,1,1},but the optimal solution should be F(n,r)=2, S={5,5}. b.Full search so the straight forwards algorithm is to search for every solution in A for desired value directly.However, it will always take O(n!) to go through every combination. c.Dynamic programming, at last, I decide to choose dynamic programming. analyze optimal structure, suppose in A={ai}, for a specific stamp ak,there will be two cases it is choosen so that f(i,r)=1+f(i,r-ak) , 1<=i<=k, r>=ak it is not valid so that f(i,r)=f(i-1,r) 3.Design Dynamic programming optimal structure: Compute-opt(r)= 1 + Compute-opt(r-ai) value: Compute-opt(r) = ∞ (r < 0) Compute-opt(r) = 0 (r = 0) Compute-opt(r) = 1+{Compute-opt(r-ai)} ( 1=<i<=n, r>ai>0 ) Complexity :O(nr) Memory cost:O(n+r) Compute in a bottom-up style to recursive every desired value and array. store value of Compute-opt in memory for future use, so that we can easily get value from those memory in future recursive call, and avoid compute again, that is if the array is not change, you can easily fetch result any desired value j (j < r, r is the value using for compute ). 2.For User totally, I design a small command line for this machine list below 1.Manual Operation 2.Self Auto Testing 3.Check Results q.Quit Manual Operation: when select this machine will turn to be manual mode, ask person to input stamps and desired value; Self Auto Testing:when select this machine will turn to be auto mode, show the test case already design in code after that machine will quit automatically. Check Results: only be visiable in Manual Operation, people can check desired value for the array input before, the desired value should be no more than first time input. Quit, clean all the memory and quit system.

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