head first java 03 ( 6 章 )

- Java 内置有数百个类.

  核心java API 是一堆等着被你当做组件使用的类的集合而成的.

- 前一章程序修改, 使用 ArrayList.

  ArrayList 操作 ( 个人感觉有点类似链表 ) 总之, 在知道固定大小的时候, 尽量还是用普通数组.

   

 

 

- 掌握 java API 十分重要

- 比较 ArrayList 与一般数组

- 完整源码 ( 在原来基础上 )

GameTest.java/*
 * File: GameTest.java
 * -----------------------------
 * This class is for testing, only has main method.
 */
public class GameTest {

	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Game game = new Game();
		game.init();
		// game.gameShow();
		game.start();
		game.gameOver();
	}

}

Game.java*
 * File: Game.java
 * ----------------------------
 * This class is for the main game.
 * Game initialize, start and so on.
 * 
 */

import java.util.*;

public class Game {
	
	/* initialize the game */
	public void init() {
		gameMap = new char[7][7];
		dao1 = new Dao();
		dao2 = new Dao();
		dao3 = new Dao();
		dao1.setDaoName("1-company");
		dao2.setDaoName("2-company");
		dao3.setDaoName("3-company");
		dao1.setLocation(2, 3, 4);
		dao2.setLocation(7, 14, 21);
		dao3.setLocation(46,47, 48);
		
	
	}
	
	/* check the two dao's element equal or not */
	private boolean isDaoEqual(ArrayList<Integer> a, ArrayList<Integer> b) {
		for (int i: a) {
			for (int j: b) {
					if (i == j) {
						return true;
					}		
			}
		}
		return false;
	}
	
	/* check the two dao's element equal or not */
	private boolean isDaoEqual(ArrayList<Integer> a, ArrayList<Integer> b, ArrayList<Integer> c) {
		for (int i: a) {
			for (int j: b) {
				for (int k: c) {
					if (i == j || j ==k || i == k) {
						return true;
					}
				}
				
			}
		}
		return false;
	}
	
	
	
	/* start the game */
	public void start() {
		Player player = new Player();
		
		while (numHit < 9) {
			int num = player.getAttackNum();
			result = "Miss";
			numAttack++;
			if (!(isHit(num, dao1)) && 
				!(isHit(num, dao2)) &&
				!(isHit(num, dao3))) {
				System.out.println(result);
			}
			
		}
	
	}
	/* check to attack miss or hitted */
	private boolean isHit(int num, Dao dmo) {
		for (int i: dmo.getLocation()) {
			if (num == i) {
				dmo.getLocation().remove(dmo.getLocation().indexOf(i));
				numHit++;
			
				if (dmo.getLocation().isEmpty()) {
					result = "Killed";
					System.out.println(dmo.getDaoName() + ": " + result);
					return true;
				} else {
					result = "Hitted";
					System.out.println(dmo.getDaoName() + ": " + result);
					return true;
				}
				
			}
		}
		return false;
	}
	
	
	public void gameOver() {
		System.out.println("Congatulation, you finish your game, the detail as below:");
		System.out.println("Total attack times:  "+numAttack);
		
	}
	
	public void gameShow() {
		System.out.println(dao1.getDaoName());
		for (int i: dao1.getLocation()) {
			System.out.println(i + ",");
		}
		System.out.println(dao2.getDaoName());
		for (int i: dao2.getLocation()) {
			System.out.println(i + ",");
		}
		System.out.println(dao3.getDaoName());
		for (int i: dao3.getLocation()) {
			System.out.println(i + ",");
		}
	}
	

/* private instance values */
	private String result = "Miss";			// every time, you attack and the result.
	private ArrayList<Integer> daoLocation;	// The location of the company.
	private char[][] gameMap ;					// The graph map for the game.
	private int numAttack = 0;					// count the attack number.
	private int numHit = 0;					// count the hit number.
	private Dao dao1;							// Dao company instance, dao1.
	private Dao dao2;							// Dao company instance, dao2.
	private Dao dao3;							// Dao company instance, dao3.
	
}

Player.java/*
 * File: Player.java
 * -----------------------------------
 * This class is player, player can guess the game.
 */

import java.io.*;

public class Player {
	
	public int getAttackNum() {
		String inputLine = null;
		try {
			BufferedReader is = new BufferedReader(
					new InputStreamReader(System.in));
			inputLine = is.readLine();
			if (inputLine.length() == 0) return -1;
		} catch (IOException e) {
			System.out.println("IoException:" + e);
			
		}
		
		int num = Integer.parseInt(inputLine);
		return num;
	}
	
}

 

Dao.java/*
 * File: Dao.java
 * ------------------------
 * This class is for the company Dao.
 * it will show on the Game map.
 */

import java.util.*;

public class Dao {

	/* set the location of the company */
	public void setLocation(int a, int b, int c) {
		location.add(a);
		location.add(b);
		location.add(c);
	}
	
	
	/* create the location for the company */
	public ArrayList<Integer> getLocation() {
		return location;
	}
	
	/* set the name of the company */
	public void setDaoName(String name) {
		daoName = name;
	}
	
	/* getter method */
	public String getDaoName() {
		return daoName;
	}
	
	
	/* private instance values */ 
	private ArrayList<Integer> location = new ArrayList<Integer>();		// save the location of the company.
	private String daoName;												// The name of company.
	
	
}

 

- 使用java函数库( Java API )

  在Java的API中, 类是被包装在包中. 要使用API中的类, 你必须知道它被放在哪个包中.

  包重要的原因:

• 首先, 它们可以帮助组织项目或函数库相对于一大堆零散的类, 以功能来组织会比较好
• 其次, 包可以制造出名称空间, 以便错开相同名称的类.
• 最后, 包可以通过限制同一包之间的类才能相互存取以维护安全性.

  必须要告诉java, 你使用的是哪一个ArrayList(类), 有两种方法:

• IMPORT: 放在源文件最前面
• 在程序中打出全名, 不管在哪里, 只要有使用到就打出全名, java.util.ArrayList<Dog> list = new java.util.ArrayList<Dog>();

  来自 java.lang 这个包中的内容, 可以直接使用.

  javax 这个包: 首先它是相对的, 标准的包都是 java.util java.io 之类的, 只有扩展的或非标准的才使用 javax, 后来也是标准的.

  类的完整名称: 包名+类名, 例如 java.util.ArrayList

- import 与 c语言中的 include

  使用 import 不会使程序变大, 这一点与 c语言的 include 是不同的.

- 如何查询 API

  1. 库中有哪些类?

  2. 找到类之后, 你怎么知道它是做什么的?

  查阅参考书 或 HTML API 文档