《面向对象分析与设计》一第2章 什么是面向对象分析

第2章 什么是面向对象分析

面向对象分析(ObjectOriented Analysis,OOA),就是运用面向对象方法进行系统分析。它是软件生命周期的一个阶段,具有一般分析方法所共同具有的内容、目标及策略。但是OOA强调运用面向对象方法,对问题域和系统责任进行分析与理解,找出描述问题域和系统责任所需要的对象,定义对象的属性、操作以及对象之间的关系,目标是建立一个符合问题域、满足用户需求的OOA模型。
OOA对问题域的观察、分析和认识是很直接的,对问题域的描述也是很直接的。它所采用的概念与问题域中的事物保持了最大程度的一致,不存在语言上的鸿沟。问题域中有哪些值得考虑的事物,OOA模型中就有哪些对象,而且对象、对象的属性与操作的命名都强调与客观事物一致。另外,OOA模型也保留了问题域中事物之间关系的原貌。
面向对象分析与面向对象设计(ObjectOriented Design,OOD)的职责是不同的。在OOA阶段要用面向对象的建模语言对系统要实现的需求进行建模。OOA不考虑与系统的具体实现有关的因素(例如采用什么编程语言、图形用户界面和数据库等),从而使OOA模型独立于具体的实现环境。OOD则是针对系统的一组具体的实现条件,继续运用面向对象的建模语言进行系统设计。其中包括两方面的工作,一是根据实现条件对OOA模型做某些必要的修改和调整,作为OOD模型的一个部分;二是针对具体实现条件,建立人机界面、数据存储和控制驱动等模型。

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本书是UML创始人Grady Booch的代表作之一,书中介绍的概念都基于牢固的理论基础。同时,本书又是一本注重实效的书,面向架构师和软件开发者等软件工程实践者的实际需要。本书通过大量例子说明了基本概念,解释了方法,并展示了在不同领域的成功应用。全书分为理论和应用两部分。理论部分深刻剖析了面向对象分析设计 (OOAD)的概念和方法。应用部分连续列出了5个不同类型、不同领域的应用,描述如何从初始阶段到移交阶段将OOAD理论和方法应用到项目中。应用部分所涉及的领域包括系统架构、数据获取、密码分析、控制系统和Web开发,还给出了一些关于重要问题的有效建议,包括分类、实现策略和高性价比的项目管理。 Amazon.com Review In this eagerly awaited second edition, Grady Booch draws upon the rich and varied results of those projects and offers improved methods for object development and a new, unified notation. With numerous examples implemented in C++, Booch illustrates essential concepts, explains the method, and shows successful applications in a variety of fields. Booch also gives pragmatic advice on a host of issues, including classification, implementation strategies, and cost-effective project management. A two-time winner of Software Development's coveted Jolt Cola Product Excellence Award! --This text refers to the Hardcover edition. Product Description Object-Oriented Design with Applications has long been the essential reference to object-oriented technology, which, in turn, has evolved to join the mainstream of industrial-strength software development. In this third edition--the first revision in 13 years--readers can learn to apply object-oriented methods using new paradigms such as Java, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) 2.0, and .NET. The authors draw upon their rich and varied experience to offer improved methods for object development and numerous examples that tackle the complex problems faced by software engineers, including systems architecture, data acquisition, cryptoanalysis, control systems, and Web development. They illustrate essential concepts, explain the method, and show successful applications in a variety of fields. You'll also find pragmatic advice on a host of issues, including classification, implementation strategies, and cost-effective project management. New to this new edition are * An introduction to the new UML 2.0, from the notation's most fundamental and advanced elements with an emphasis on key changes * New domains and contexts * A greatly enhanced focus on modeling--as eagerly requested by readers--with five chapters that each delve into one phase of the overall development lifecycle. * Fresh approaches to reasoning about complex systems * An examination of the conceptual foundation of the widely misunderstood fundamental elements of the object model, such as abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, and hierarchy * How to allocate the resources of a team of developers and mange the risks associated with developing complex software systems * An appendix on object-oriented programming languages This is the seminal text for anyone who wishes to use object-oriented technology to manage the complexity inherent in many kinds of systems.
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