实例:顶层的Shape作为抽象类
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//声明抽象基类Shape
class Shape
{
public:
virtual float area( ) const
{
return 0.0; //虚函数
}
virtual float volume() const
{
return 0.0; //虚函数
}
virtual void shapeName() const =0; //纯虚函数
};
//声明Point类
class Point:public Shape//Point是shape的公用派生类
{
public:
Point(float=0,float=0);
void setPoint(float,float);
float getX( ) const
{
return x;
}
float getY( ) const
{
return y;
}
virtual void shapeName( ) const
{
cout<<"Point:"; //对虚函数进行再定义
}
friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &,const Point &);
protected:
float x,y;
};
//定义Point类成员函数
Point::Point(float a,float b)
{
x=a;
y=b;
}
void Point::setPoint(float a,float b)
{
x=a;
y=b;
}
ostream & operator<<(ostream &output,const Point &p)
{
output<<"["<<p.x<<","<<p.y<<"]";
return output;
}
//声明Circle类
class Circle:public Point
{
public:
Circle(float x=0,float y=0,float r=0);
void setRadius(float);
float getRadius( ) const;
virtual float area( ) const;
virtual void shapeName( ) const
{
cout<<"Circle:"; //对虚函数进行再定义
}
friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &,const Circle &);
protected:
float radius;
};
//声明Circle类成员函数
Circle::Circle(float a,float b,float r):Point(a,b),radius(r) { }
void Circle::setRadius(float r)
{
radius=r;
}
float Circle::getRadius( ) const
{
return radius;
}
float Circle::area( ) const
{
return 3.14159*radius*radius;
}
ostream &operator<<(ostream &output,const Circle &c)
{
output<<"["<<c.x<<","<<c.y<<"], r="<<c.radius;
return output;
}
//声明Cylinder类
class Cylinder:public Circle
{
public:
Cylinder (float x=0,float y=0,float r=0,float h=0);
void setHeight(float);
virtual float area( ) const;
virtual float volume( ) const;
virtual void shapeName( ) const
{
cout<<"Cylinder:"; //对虚函数进行再定义
}
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&,const Cylinder&);
protected:
float height;
};
//定义Cylinder类成员函数
Cylinder::Cylinder(float a,float b,float r,float h)
:Circle(a,b,r),height(h) { }
void Cylinder::setHeight(float h)
{
height=h;
}
float Cylinder::area( ) const
{
return 2*Circle::area( )+2*3.14159*radius*height;
}
float Cylinder::volume( ) const
{
return Circle::area( )*height;
}
ostream &operator<<(ostream &output,const Cylinder& cy)
{
output<<"["<<cy.x<<","<<cy.y<<"], r="<<cy.radius<<", h="<<cy.height;
return output;
}
//main函数
int main( )
{
Point point(3.2,4.5);//建立Point类对象point
Circle circle(2.4,1.2,5.6); //建立Circle类对象circle
Cylinder cylinder(3.5,6.4,5.2,10.5); //建立Cylinder类对象cylinder
point.shapeName(); //静态关联
cout<<point<<endl;
circle.shapeName(); //静态关联
cout<<circle<<endl;
cylinder.shapeName(); //静态关联
cout<<cylinder<<endl<<endl;
Shape *pt; //定义基类指针
pt=&point; //指针指向Point类对象
pt->shapeName( ); //动态关联
cout<<"x="<<point.getX( )<<",y="<<point.getY( )<<"\narea="<<pt->area( )
<<"\nvolume="<<pt->volume()<<"\n\n";
pt=&circle; //指针指向Circle类对象
pt->shapeName( ); //动态关联
cout<<"x="<<circle.getX( )<<",y="<<circle.getY( )<<"\narea="<<pt->area( )
<<"\nvolume="<<pt->volume( )<<"\n\n";
pt=&cylinder; //指针指向Cylinder类对象
pt->shapeName( ); //动态关联
cout<<"x="<<cylinder.getX( )<<",y="<<cylinder.getY( )<<"\narea="<<pt->area( )
<<"\nvolume="<<pt->volume( )<<"\n\n";
return 0;
}