环境变量配置文件

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-16 10:03:06 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-08-16 10:03:06 发布

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文章标签： shell 运维开发工具

原文链接：https://my.oschina.net/u/2988360/blog/879255

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2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>>

当环境变量被写入配置文件，重启机器后该环境变量依然生效

1.环境变量的存放位置

以下是系统默认的5类存放环境变量的配置文件

其中存放在 /etc/profile /etc/profile.d/*.sh 和/etc/bashrc文件中的环境变量对所有用户生效

存放在~/.bash_profile和~/.bashrc下的环境变量只对当前用户生效（~表示家目录）

注意：修改完配置文件可以通过"source filename"或". filename"(注意中间有空格)命令来保证配置文件的修改立即生效

2.环境变量配置文件的作用

以下是环境变量的调用流程图（如果前后定义两个相同的环境变量，定义在流程后面的变量优先级高，因为后面的会覆盖前面的；如果是以变量叠加的方式体现则不会覆盖，即依然是前面的优先级高）

2.1 /etc/profile的作用

2.2 ~/.bash_profile的作用

2.3 ~/.bashrc的作用

2.4 /etc/bashrc的作用

先查看该文件内容

[root@wenhaijin ~]# cat /etc/bashrc
# /etc/bashrc

# System wide functions and aliases
# Environment stuff goes in /etc/profile

# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.

# are we an interactive shell?
if [ "$PS1" ]; then
  if [ -z "$PROMPT_COMMAND" ]; then
    case $TERM in
    xterm*)
        if [ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-xterm ]; then
            PROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-xterm
        else
            PROMPT_COMMAND='printf "\033]0;%s@%s:%s\007" "${USER}" "${HOSTNAME%%.*}" "${PWD/#$HOME/~}"'
        fi
        ;;
    screen)
        if [ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-screen ]; then
            PROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-screen
        else
            PROMPT_COMMAND='printf "\033]0;%s@%s:%s\033\\" "${USER}" "${HOSTNAME%%.*}" "${PWD/#$HOME/~}"'
        fi
        ;;
    *)
        [ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-default ] && PROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-default
        ;;
      esac
  fi
  # Turn on checkwinsize
  shopt -s checkwinsize
  [ "$PS1" = "\\s-\\v\\\$ " ] && PS1="[\u@\h \W]\\$ "
  # You might want to have e.g. tty in prompt (e.g. more virtual machines)
  # and console windows
  # If you want to do so, just add e.g.
  # if [ "$PS1" ]; then
  #   PS1="[\u@\h:\l \W]\\$ "
  # fi
  # to your custom modification shell script in /etc/profile.d/ directory
fi

if ! shopt -q login_shell ; then # We're not a login shell
    # Need to redefine pathmunge, it get's undefined at the end of /etc/profile
    pathmunge () {
        case ":${PATH}:" in
            *:"$1":*)
                ;;
            *)
                if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
                    PATH=$PATH:$1
                else
                    PATH=$1:$PATH
                fi
        esac
    }

    # By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for non-login shell.
    # Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
    # You could check uidgid reservation validity in
    # /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
    if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`id -gn`" = "`id -un`" ]; then
       umask 002
    else
       umask 022
    fi

    # Only display echos from profile.d scripts if we are no login shell
    # and interactive - otherwise just process them to set envvars
    for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; do
        if [ -r "$i" ]; then
            if [ "$PS1" ]; then
                . "$i"
            else
                . "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1
            fi
        fi
    done

    unset i
    unset pathmunge
fi
# vim:ts=4:sw=4
[root@wenhaijin ~]#

该文件中定义的变量有些是在/etc/profile中已经定义了，但是从注释可以看出这边定义的变量是针对没有输入密码登入的用户生效的

# We're not a login shell

# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for non-login shell.

3.其他配置文件和登入信息

3.1 注销时生效的环境变量配置文件~/bash_logout

[root@wenhaijin ~]# cat .bash_logout 
# ~/.bash_logout

3.2 历史命令的保存文件~/bash_history

当系统出问题需要排查原因的时候可以查看该文件看下执行了什么操作

3.3 shell登入信息

可以通过/etc/issue来自定义本地终端欢迎信息

3.4远程终端欢迎信息

可以通过/etc/issue.net来定义远程终端欢迎信息

###查看远程配置欢迎信息文件
[root@wenhaijin ~]# vim /etc/issue.net 
CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m

###编辑/etc/ssh/sshd_config文件
[root@wenhaijin ~]# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config 

# no default banner path
#Banner none
###加入远程配置文件欢迎信息然后保存退出
Banner /etc/issue.net

###改完后重启ssh服务
[root@wenhaijin ~]# service sshd restart
Stopping sshd:                                             [  OK  ]
Starting sshd:                                             [  OK  ]
[root@wenhaijin ~]#

改完后再重新进行远程登入，发现已经看到欢迎信息，但是从结果中发现“\r”和“\m”所代表的信息并没有被正确识别，说明这两个变量都只针对本地欢迎信息生效


CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m

Last login: Thu Apr 13 21:50:30 2017 from 113.87.161.29

Welcome to aliyun Elastic Compute Service!

[root@wenhaijin ~]#