关于Canvas：
To draw something, you need 4 basic components:
1, A Bitmap to hold the pixels,
2, a Canvas to host the draw calls (writing into the bitmap),
3, a drawing primitive (e.g. Rect, Path, text, Bitmap),
4, and a paint (to describe the colors and styles for the drawing).
例如下面就是用一个大小是100X100的位图作为载体，创建了一个100X100大小的canvas
Bitmap b = Bitmap.createBitmap(100, 100, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
Canvas c = new Canvas(b);Canvas 最常用的方法是 translate（float dx ， float dy） 和 clipRect（Rect rect）， translate 是改变原点（默认是0，0）的相对位置， clipRect是把可绘制区域限制在指定的范围内
例如：
canvas.save();
canvas.translate(400, 400);
canvas.clipRect(new Rect(200,200, 500,500));
canvas.drawColor(Color.RED);
canvas.restore();最后的绘制区域其实是在整个canvas的（600，600）处，区域大小是（300，300）
ViewGroup 和View在绘制时需要使用translate 和 clipRect 限制child view 的绘制区域
父View 和其child View用的是同一个canvas， 在绘制child view的时候，需要对canvas进行偏移和区域限制处理。
ViewGroup的 drawChild：
this method is responsible for getting the canvas in the right state, including: 1) clipping、translating so that the child's scrolled origin is at 0,0 and 2) applying any animation transformations.
/**
* Draw one child of this View Group. This method is responsible for getting
* the canvas in the right state. This includes clipping, translating so
* that the child's scrolled origin is at 0, 0, and applying any animation
* transformations.
*
* @param canvas The canvas on which to draw the child
* @param child Who to draw
* @param drawingTime The time at which draw is occurring
* @return True if an invalidate() was issued
*/
protected boolean drawChild(Canvas canvas, View child, long drawingTime) {
return child.draw(canvas, this, drawingTime);
}当一个view作为另一个ViewGroup的 childview被绘制时， 它的 draw(Canvas c, ParentView parent, long drawingTime) 方法被调用， 而不是draw（Canvas canvas）；
draw(Canvas c, ParentView parent, long drawingTime) 根据layout的参数 mleft 、mTop 、mSrollX、mSrollY 进行偏移， 结合 mRight、mBottom 等进行区域限制（clipRect), canvas 处理后调用draw（canvas）进行绘制：
/**
* This method is called by ViewGroup.drawChild() to have each child view draw itself.
* This draw() method is an implementation detail and is not intended to be overridden or
* to be called from anywhere else other than ViewGroup.drawChild().
*/
boolean draw(Canvas canvas, ViewGroup parent, long drawingTime) {
...
Transformation transformToApply = null;
boolean concatMatrix = false;
boolean scalingRequired = false;
boolean caching;
int layerType = getLayerType();
final boolean hardwareAccelerated = canvas.isHardwareAccelerated();
...
final Animation a = getAnimation();
if (a != null) {
...
}
concatMatrix |= !childHasIdentityMatrix;
// Sets the flag as early as possible to allow draw() implementations
// to call invalidate() successfully when doing animations
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_DRAWN;
if (!concatMatrix &&
(flags & (ViewGroup.FLAG_SUPPORT_STATIC_TRANSFORMATIONS |
ViewGroup.FLAG_CLIP_CHILDREN)) == ViewGroup.FLAG_CLIP_CHILDREN &&
canvas.quickReject(mLeft, mTop, mRight, mBottom, Canvas.EdgeType.BW) &&
(mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_DRAW_ANIMATION) == 0) {
mPrivateFlags2 |= PFLAG2_VIEW_QUICK_REJECTED;
return more;
}
mPrivateFlags2 &= ~PFLAG2_VIEW_QUICK_REJECTED;
if (hardwareAccelerated) {
// Clear INVALIDATED flag to allow invalidation to occur during rendering, but
// retain the flag's value temporarily in the mRecreateDisplayList flag
mRecreateDisplayList = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_INVALIDATED) == PFLAG_INVALIDATED;
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_INVALIDATED;
}
DisplayList displayList = null;
Bitmap cache = null;
boolean hasDisplayList = false;
if (caching) {
...
}
useDisplayListProperties &= hasDisplayList;
if (useDisplayListProperties) {
...
}
int sx = 0;
int sy = 0;
if (!hasDisplayList) {
computeScroll();
sx = mScrollX;
sy = mScrollY;
}
final boolean hasNoCache = cache == null || hasDisplayList;
final boolean offsetForScroll = cache == null && !hasDisplayList &&
layerType != LAYER_TYPE_HARDWARE;
int restoreTo = -1;
if (!useDisplayListProperties || transformToApply != null) {
restoreTo = canvas.save();
}
if (offsetForScroll) {
canvas.translate(mLeft - sx, mTop - sy);
} else {
if (!useDisplayListProperties) {
canvas.translate(mLeft, mTop);
}
if (scalingRequired) {
if (useDisplayListProperties) {
// TODO: Might not need this if we put everything inside the DL
restoreTo = canvas.save();
}
// mAttachInfo cannot be null, otherwise scalingRequired == false
final float scale = 1.0f / mAttachInfo.mApplicationScale;
canvas.scale(scale, scale);
}
}
float alpha = useDisplayListProperties ? 1 : (getAlpha() * getTransitionAlpha());
if (transformToApply != null || alpha < 1 || !hasIdentityMatrix() ||
(mPrivateFlags3 & PFLAG3_VIEW_IS_ANIMATING_ALPHA) == PFLAG3_VIEW_IS_ANIMATING_ALPHA) {
if (transformToApply != null || !childHasIdentityMatrix) {
int transX = 0;
int transY = 0;
if (offsetForScroll) {
transX = -sx;
transY = -sy;
}
if (transformToApply != null) {
if (concatMatrix) {
if (useDisplayListProperties) {
displayList.setAnimationMatrix(transformToApply.getMatrix());
} else {
// Undo the scroll translation, apply the transformation matrix,
// then redo the scroll translate to get the correct result.
canvas.translate(-transX, -transY);
canvas.concat(transformToApply.getMatrix());
canvas.translate(transX, transY);
}
parent.mGroupFlags |= ViewGroup.FLAG_CLEAR_TRANSFORMATION;
}
float transformAlpha = transformToApply.getAlpha();
if (transformAlpha < 1) {
alpha *= transformAlpha;
parent.mGroupFlags |= ViewGroup.FLAG_CLEAR_TRANSFORMATION;
}
}
if (!childHasIdentityMatrix && !useDisplayListProperties) {
canvas.translate(-transX, -transY);
canvas.concat(getMatrix());
canvas.translate(transX, transY);
}
}
...
if (!layerRendered) {
if (!hasDisplayList) {
// Fast path for layouts with no backgrounds
if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW) == PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW) {
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK;
dispatchDraw(canvas);
} else {
draw(canvas);
}
} else {
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK;
((HardwareCanvas) canvas).drawDisplayList(displayList, null, flags);
}
}
...
// Deal with alpha if it is or used to be <1
...
if ((flags & ViewGroup.FLAG_CLIP_CHILDREN) == ViewGroup.FLAG_CLIP_CHILDREN &&
!useDisplayListProperties && cache == null) {
if (offsetForScroll) {
canvas.clipRect(sx, sy, sx + (mRight - mLeft), sy + (mBottom - mTop));
} else {
if (!scalingRequired || cache == null) {
canvas.clipRect(0, 0, mRight - mLeft, mBottom - mTop);
} else {
canvas.clipRect(0, 0, cache.getWidth(), cache.getHeight());
}
}
return more;
}draw（Canvas canvas）不对canvas进行另行的处理，默认从（0，0）开始
View draw:
view的绘制包括6个步骤：
* 1. Draw the background
* 2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading
* 3. Draw view's content by onDraw(..)
* 4. Draw children by dispatchDraw(..)
* 5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers
* 6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)
方法的开始先执行了 canvas的 clipRect(mClipBounds) 如果clipBounds不为空。
/**
* Manually render this view (and all of its children) to the given Canvas.
* The view must have already done a full layout before this function is
* called. When implementing a view, implement
* {@link #onDraw(android.graphics.Canvas)} instead of overriding this method.
* If you do need to override this method, call the superclass version.
*
* @param canvas The Canvas to which the View is rendered.
*/
public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
if (mClipBounds != null) {
canvas.clipRect(mClipBounds);
}
final int privateFlags = mPrivateFlags;
final boolean dirtyOpaque = (privateFlags & PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) == PFLAG_DIRTY_OPAQUE &&
(mAttachInfo == null || !mAttachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState);
mPrivateFlags = (privateFlags & ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) | PFLAG_DRAWN;
/*
* Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed
* in the appropriate order:
*
* 1. Draw the background
* 2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading
* 3. Draw view's content
* 4. Draw children
* 5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers
* 6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)
*/
// Step 1, draw the background, if needed
int saveCount;
if (!dirtyOpaque) {
final Drawable background = mBackground;
if (background != null) {
final int scrollX = mScrollX;
final int scrollY = mScrollY;
if (mBackgroundSizeChanged) {
background.setBounds(0, 0, mRight - mLeft, mBottom - mTop);
mBackgroundSizeChanged = false;
}
if ((scrollX | scrollY) == 0) {
background.draw(canvas);
} else {
canvas.translate(scrollX, scrollY);
background.draw(canvas);
canvas.translate(-scrollX, -scrollY);
}
}
}
// skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case)
final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;
boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;
if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) {
// Step 3, draw the content
if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);
// Step 4, draw the children
dispatchDraw(canvas);
// Step 6, draw decorations (scrollbars)
onDrawScrollBars(canvas);
if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);
}
// we're done...
return;
}
/*
* Here we do the full fledged routine...
* (this is an uncommon case where speed matters less,
* this is why we repeat some of the tests that have been
* done above)
*/
boolean drawTop = false;
boolean drawBottom = false;
boolean drawLeft = false;
boolean drawRight = false;
float topFadeStrength = 0.0f;
float bottomFadeStrength = 0.0f;
float leftFadeStrength = 0.0f;
float rightFadeStrength = 0.0f;
// Step 2, save the canvas' layers
int paddingLeft = mPaddingLeft;
final boolean offsetRequired = isPaddingOffsetRequired();
if (offsetRequired) {
paddingLeft += getLeftPaddingOffset();
}
int left = mScrollX + paddingLeft;
int right = left + mRight - mLeft - mPaddingRight - paddingLeft;
int top = mScrollY + getFadeTop(offsetRequired);
int bottom = top + getFadeHeight(offsetRequired);
if (offsetRequired) {
right += getRightPaddingOffset();
bottom += getBottomPaddingOffset();
}
final ScrollabilityCache scrollabilityCache = mScrollCache;
final float fadeHeight = scrollabilityCache.fadingEdgeLength;
int length = (int) fadeHeight;
// clip the fade length if top and bottom fades overlap
// overlapping fades produce odd-looking artifacts
if (verticalEdges && (top + length > bottom - length)) {
length = (bottom - top) / 2;
}
// also clip horizontal fades if necessary
if (horizontalEdges && (left + length > right - length)) {
length = (right - left) / 2;
}
if (verticalEdges) {
topFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getTopFadingEdgeStrength()));
drawTop = topFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
bottomFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getBottomFadingEdgeStrength()));
drawBottom = bottomFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
}
if (horizontalEdges) {
leftFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getLeftFadingEdgeStrength()));
drawLeft = leftFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
rightFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getRightFadingEdgeStrength()));
drawRight = rightFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
}
saveCount = canvas.getSaveCount();
int solidColor = getSolidColor();
if (solidColor == 0) {
final int flags = Canvas.HAS_ALPHA_LAYER_SAVE_FLAG;
if (drawTop) {
canvas.saveLayer(left, top, right, top + length, null, flags);
}
if (drawBottom) {
canvas.saveLayer(left, bottom - length, right, bottom, null, flags);
}
if (drawLeft) {
canvas.saveLayer(left, top, left + length, bottom, null, flags);
}
if (drawRight) {
canvas.saveLayer(right - length, top, right, bottom, null, flags);
}
} else {
scrollabilityCache.setFadeColor(solidColor);
}
// Step 3, draw the content
if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);
// Step 4, draw the children
dispatchDraw(canvas);
// Step 5, draw the fade effect and restore layers
final Paint p = scrollabilityCache.paint;
final Matrix matrix = scrollabilityCache.matrix;
final Shader fade = scrollabilityCache.shader;
if (drawTop) {
matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * topFadeStrength);
matrix.postTranslate(left, top);
fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
canvas.drawRect(left, top, right, top + length, p);
}
if (drawBottom) {
matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * bottomFadeStrength);
matrix.postRotate(180);
matrix.postTranslate(left, bottom);
fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
canvas.drawRect(left, bottom - length, right, bottom, p);
}
if (drawLeft) {
matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * leftFadeStrength);
matrix.postRotate(-90);
matrix.postTranslate(left, top);
fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
canvas.drawRect(left, top, left + length, bottom, p);
}
if (drawRight) {
matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * rightFadeStrength);
matrix.postRotate(90);
matrix.postTranslate(right, top);
fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
canvas.drawRect(right - length, top, right, bottom, p);
}
canvas.restoreToCount(saveCount);
// Step 6, draw decorations (scrollbars)
onDrawScrollBars(canvas);
if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);
}
}
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