<p><font style="background-color: #ffff00">引入：</font></p> <blockquote> <p>1.模型不匹配(阻抗不匹配)</p> <p>Java面向对象语言，属于对象模型，主要概念有：继承、多态、关联等。</p> <p>数据库是关系模型，其主要概念有：表、主键、外键等</p> <p>解决办法:</p> <ul> <li>使用JDBC进行手工转换 </li> <li>使用ORM(Object Relation Mapping对象关系映射)框架来解决，目前主流的ORM框架有Hibernate、TopLink、OJB等。 </li> </ul> <p><a href="http://static.oschina.net/uploads/img/201308/18163135_wRFQ.png"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="image" border="0" alt="image" src="http://static.oschina.net/uploads/img/201308/18163136_yF3z.png" width="244" height="126" /></a> </p> <p>JDBC中将对象模型转换为关系模型的时候，简单的举例，一个insert操作。首先需要创建一个对象，然后通过调用对象的set方法，写入数据库。 </p> </blockquote> <p><font style="background-color: #ffff00">搭建hibernate环境</font></p> <blockquote> <p><a href="http://static.oschina.net/uploads/img/201308/18163137_07eM.png"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="image" border="0" alt="image" src="http://static.oschina.net/uploads/img/201308/18163138_shvg.png" width="244" height="107" /></a></p> <p>1.导入jar包</p> <p>2.创建一个domain对象，User，定义属性：id ,name ,birthday</p> <p>3.创建domain对象的映射文件 User.hbm.xml. 作用是将对象模型和关系模型衔接起来，本案例中是将user对象和数据库中的表关联起来。</p> <p>目录和User.java在同一级目录下。</p> <pre style="border-bottom: #cecece 1px solid; border-left: #cecece 1px solid; padding-bottom: 5px; background-color: #fbfbfb; min-height: 40px; padding-left: 5px; width: 650px; padding-right: 5px; overflow: auto; border-top: #cecece 1px solid; border-right: #cecece 1px solid; padding-top: 5px"><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #0000ff"><?</span>xml version="1.0"<span style="color: #0000ff">?></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #0000ff"><</span>!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"<span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">hibernate</span>-<span style="color: #ff0000">mapping</span> <span style="color: #ff0000">package</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff">"com.ztesoft.hibernate.domain"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">class</span> <span style="color: #ff0000">name</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff">"User"</span> <span style="color: #ff0000">table</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff">"USERDEMO"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">id</span> <span style="color: #ff0000">name</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff">"id"</span> <span style="color: #ff0000">column</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff">"ID"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">generator</span> <span style="color: #ff0000">class</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff">"native"</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">/></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">id</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">property</span> <span style="color: #ff0000">name</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff">"name"</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">/></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">property</span> <span style="color: #ff0000">name</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff">"birthday"</span> <span style="color: #ff0000">type</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff">"timestamp"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">/></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #008000"><!-- </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> id元素是标识符属性的声明，name="id" 声明了Java属性的名字 － Hibernate会使用getId()和setId()来访问它。 column属性则告诉Hibernate, </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 我们使用EVENTS表的哪个字段作为主键。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 嵌套的generator元素指定了标识符生成策略，在这里我们指定native，它根据已配置的数据库（方言）自动选择最佳的标识符生成策略。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> Hibernate支持由数据库生成，全局唯一性（globally unique）和应用程序指定（或者你自己为任何已有策略所写的扩展）这些策略来生成标识符。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 最后我们在映射文件里面包含需要持久化属性的声明。默认情况下，类里面的属性都被视为非持久化的： </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 和id元素一样，property元素的name属性告诉Hibernate使用哪个getter和setter方法。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 在此例中，Hibernate会寻找getDate()/setDate(), 以及getTitle()/setTitle()。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 为什么date属性的映射含有column attribute，而title却没有？当没有设定column attribute 的时候，Hibernate缺省地使用JavaBean的属性名作为字段名。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 对于title，这样工作得很好。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 然而，date在多数的数据库里，是一个保留关键字，所以我们最好把它映射成一个不同的名字。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 另一有趣的事情是title属性缺少一个type attribute。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 我们在映射文件里声明并使用的类型，却不是我们期望的那样，是Java数据类型，同时也不是SQL数据库的数据类型。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 这些类型就是所谓的Hibernate 映射类型（mapping types），它们能把Java数据类型转换到SQL数据类型，反之亦然。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 再次重申，如果在映射文件中没有设置type属性的话，Hibernate会自己试着去确定正确的转换类型和它的映射类型。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 在某些情况下这个自动检测机制（在Java 类上使用反射机制）不会产生你所期待或需要的缺省值。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> date属性就是个很好的例子，Hibernate无法知道这个属性（java.util.Date类型的）应该被映射成：SQL date，或timestamp，还是time 字段。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 在此例中，把这个属性映射成timestamp 转换器，这样我们预留了日期和时间的全部信息。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 应该把这个映射文件保存为Event.hbm.xml，且就在EventJava类的源文件目录下。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 映射文件可随意地命名，但hbm.xml的后缀已成为Hibernate开发者社区的约定。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> --></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">hibernate</span>-mapping<span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre></pre>
<p>4.hibernate.cfg.xml的配置，告诉hibernate一些连接数据库等的信息。 </p>
<pre style="border-bottom: #cecece 1px solid; border-left: #cecece 1px solid; padding-bottom: 5px; background-color: #fbfbfb; min-height: 40px; padding-left: 5px; width: 650px; padding-right: 5px; overflow: auto; border-top: #cecece 1px solid; border-right: #cecece 1px solid; padding-top: 5px"><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #0000ff"><</span>!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
</pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"<span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">hibernate</span>-<span style="color: #ff0000">configuration</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">session</span>-<span style="color: #ff0000">factory</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #008000"><!-- Database connection settings --></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">property</span> <span style="color: #ff0000">name</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff">"connection.driver_class"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">property</span> <span style="color: #ff0000">name</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff">"connection.url"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">property</span> <span style="color: #ff0000">name</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff">"connection.username"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>scott<span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">property</span> <span style="color: #ff0000">name</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff">"connection.password"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>tiger<span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #008000"><!-- SQL dialect --></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">property</span> <span style="color: #ff0000">name</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff">"hibernate.dialect"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #008000"><!-- JDBC connection pool (use the built-in) --></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">property</span> <span style="color: #ff0000">name</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff">"connection.pool_size"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>1<span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #008000"><!-- Enable Hibernate's automatic session context management --></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">property</span> <span style="color: #ff0000">name</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff">"current_session_context_class"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>thread<span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #008000"><!-- Disable the second-level cache --></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">property</span> <span style="color: #ff0000">name</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff">"cache.provider_class"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #008000"><!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout --></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">property</span> <span style="color: #ff0000">name</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff">"show_sql"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>true<span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #008000"><!-- Drop and re-create the database schema on startup --></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">property</span> <span style="color: #ff0000">name</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff">"hbm2ddl.auto"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>create<span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">property</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">mapping</span> <span style="color: #ff0000">resource</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff">"com/ztesoft/hibernate/domain/User.hbm.xml"</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">/></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">session</span>-factory<span style="color: #0000ff">></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #008000"><!-- </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 在这里，我们配置了Hibernate的SessionFactory－一个关联于特定数据库全局的工厂（factory）。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 如果你要使用多个数据库，就要用多个的<session-factory>，通常把它们放在多个配置文件中（为了更容易启动）。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px">
</pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 最开始的4个property元素包含必要的JDBC连接信息。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 方言（dialect）的property元素指明Hibernate 生成的特定SQL变量。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 你很快会看到，Hibernate对持久化上下文的自动session管理就会派上用场。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 打开hbm2ddl.auto选项将自动生成数据库模式（schema）－ 直接加入数据库中。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 当然这个选项也可以被关闭（通过去除这个配置选项）或者通过Ant任务SchemaExport的帮助来把数据库schema重定向到文件中。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 最后，在配置中为持久化类加入映射文件。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px">
</pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> 把这个文件拷贝到源代码目录下面，这样它就位于classpath的根目录的最后。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> Hibernate在启动时会自动在classpath的根目录查找名为hibernate.cfg.xml的配置文件。 </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px">
</pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px">
</pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> --></span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">hibernate</span>-configuration<span style="color: #0000ff">></span></pre></pre>
<p>5.创建一个测试类，进行测试。</p>
<pre style="border-bottom: #cecece 1px solid; border-left: #cecece 1px solid; padding-bottom: 5px; background-color: #fbfbfb; min-height: 40px; padding-left: 5px; width: 650px; padding-right: 5px; overflow: auto; border-top: #cecece 1px solid; border-right: #cecece 1px solid; padding-top: 5px"><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #008000">/** </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> *
</pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> /</span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #0000ff">package</span> com.ztesoft.hibernate; </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #0000ff">import</span> java.util.Date; </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #0000ff">import</span> org.hibernate.Session; </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #0000ff">import</span> org.hibernate.SessionFactory; </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #0000ff">import</span> org.hibernate.Transaction; </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #0000ff">import</span> org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #0000ff">import</span> com.ztesoft.hibernate.domain.User; </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #008000">/* </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> * @author yangshangwei </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> * </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> */</span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"><span style="color: #0000ff">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">class</span> Base { </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #0000ff">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">static</span> <span style="color: #0000ff">void</span> main(String[] args) { </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #008000">// 我们必须启动Hibernate，此过程包括创建一个全局的SessoinFactory，并把它储存在应用程序代码容易访问的地方。</span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #008000">// SessionFactory可以创建并打开新的Session。一个Session代表一个单线程的单元操作，SessionFactory则是个线程安全的全局对象，只需要被实例化一次。</span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> <span style="color: #008000">// Create the SessionFactory from hibernate.cfg.xml</span> </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> SessionFactory sFactory = <span style="color: #0000ff">new</span> Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory(); </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> Session session = sFactory.openSession(); </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> User user = <span style="color: #0000ff">new</span> User(); </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> user.setName("<span style="color: #8b0000">Jack</span>"); </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> user.setBirthday(<span style="color: #0000ff">new</span> Date()); </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> session.save(user); </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> tx.commit(); </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> System.out.println("<span style="color: #8b0000">end</span>"); </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"> } </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px">} </pre><pre style="background-color: #fbfbfb; margin: 0em; width: 100%; font-family: consolas,'Courier New',courier,monospace; font-size: 12px"></pre></pre></blockquote>
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